Space Radiation - UV Man

Correlation to Standards

Next Generation Science Standards

Performance Expectations

3-5-ETS1-3.  Engineering Design.  Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.
4-PS3-2.  Energy.  Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Disciplinary Core Ideas

ETS1.A:  Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems

• Possible solutions to a problem are limited by available materials and resources (constraints). The success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution (criteria). Different proposals for solutions can be compared on the basis of how well each one meets the specified criteria for success or how well each takes the constraints into account.

ETS1.B:  Developing Possible Solutions

• At whatever stage, communicating with peers about proposed solutions is an important part of the design process, and shared ideas can lead to improved designs.
• Tests are often designed to identify failure points or difficulties, which suggest the elements of the design that need to be improved.

ETS1.C:  Optimizing the Design Solution

• Different solutions need to be tested in order to determine which of them best solves the problem, given the criteria and the constraints.

PS4.B:  Electromagnetic Radiation

• When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object’s material and the frequency (color) of the light. 
• •When light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in matter, it is generally converted into thermal energy (heat). Shorter wavelength electromagnetic radiation (UV, X-rays, gamma rays) can ionize atoms and cause damage to living cells.

PS3.B:  Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

• Light also transfers energy from place to place.

Crosscutting Concepts

Energy and Matter

• Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects.
• Energy may take different forms (e.g., energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion).

Nature of Science:  Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods

• Science investigations use a variety of methods and tools to make measurements and observations.

Science and Engineering Practices

Asking Questions and Defining Problems

• Define a simple design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process, or system and includes several criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.
• Ask questions that can be investigated and predict reasonable outcomes based on patterns such as cause-and-effect relationships.

Planning and Carrying Out Investigations

• Make observations to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution.
• Make predictions about what would happen if a variable changes.
• Collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions under a range of conditions.
• Conduct an investigation and/or evaluate and/or revise the experimental design to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence that meets the goals of the investigation.

Science and Engineering Practices:  Analyzing and Interpreting Data

• Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena.
• Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings.
• Analyze data using tools, technologies, and/or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) in order to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal design solution.

Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Apply scientific ideas to solve design problems.
• Generate and compare multiple solutions to a problem based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the design problem.
• Apply scientific ideas or principles to design an object, tool, process, or system.

Design or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.