Lunar and Planetary Institute






Dr. Georgiana Kramer


Dr. Georgiana Kramer

Postdoctoral Fellow
E-mail:kramer@lpi.usra.edu

The Center for Lunar Science and Exploration
The Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA
3600 Bay Area Blvd
Houston, Texas 77058, USA

I am a Postdoctoral Fellow at the LPI-JSC Center for Lunar Science and Exploration. My contribution to the NLSI is to analyze and interpret spectroscopic data of the Moon, and support integration of these analyses with results from other CLSE researchers.

My doctoral research focused on the petrogenesis and occurence of the high-alumina mare basalts using geochemical and remote sensing techniques. I modeled the source petrology, parental melt composition, and petrogenesis of these basalts based on radiometric and major element data from the literature, and my analyses of the trace element abundances of 30 high-alumina basalts and 7 other lunar rock types relevant to the model. Using multispectral data from Clementine and Lunar Prospector I demonstrated that remote sensing data can be used to search for locate distinct lithologies.

Between 2007–2010 I was an adjunct member of the Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres, Rosetta's VIRTIS instrument, and Chandrayaan-1's Moon Mineralogy Mapper.


Research Interests

My experience and interests include geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, and remote sensing of the terrestrial planetoids; specifically the Moon, other moons of the solar system, and asteroids/dwarf planets, such as Vesta and Ceres. I stress the importance of data integration, such as from returned samples, meteorites, and Earth-derived planetary-analog materials with various remote sensing instruments. These combined data sets can work synergistically to improve identification of surface features and compositions, glean subsurface processes, and interpret the origin and evolution of a planetary body. My research interests are driven by my desire to advance our understanding of the history and future of our solar system, contribute to its continued exploration, and promote its perception as an extension of our home to all people of Earth.

My research interests include the chemistry and mineralogy of the Moon, asteroids, and other planetary surfaces through integrated sample and remote sensing data analysis. I study the physical and spectral effects of space weathering and impact gardening on the evolution of the lunar regolith. The end result of her work is to advance a model to determine and map the pristine compositions of discrete lunar crustal bedrock units.

Mapping bedrock lithologies

Small Crater Rim and Ejecta Probing (SCREP)* is a program for determining the composition of pristine bedrock units in a multispectral remote sensing image by obtaining spectral data from pixels that represent the least contaminated portion of the unit exposed by a small, immature impact crater. The methodology borrows from established techniques in the planetary science community such as relative age dating using crater size-frequency distributions, impact crater degradation, and modeling material transport by impact gardening. These techniques, combined with knowledge of the local geology can be used to model endmember contribution to the regolith composition. The non-regolith endmembers are removed to obtain a more refined bedrock unit composition.

Space weathering, space dew and the evolution of the regolith

  • The agents of space weathering include particles ranging from meteorites to micrometeorites to solar-wind ions to high energy photons, all of which contribute to the formation, evolution, and characteristics of planetary regoliths. My interest is in studying the compositional and spectral effects that result from specific particles, and under what conditions do different space weathering agents dominate the regolith maturation process.
  • Solar wind particles are almost certainly responsible for the formation and destruction of transient HOH and OH found outside of permanently shadowed regions of the Moon (space dew). I am interested in studying how space dew forms and which solar wind particles dominate the process.
  • Lunar swirls are high-albedo, optically immature, and curvilinear surface features. Each swirl region is associated with a magnetic anomaly, which has been hypothesized to be shielding the swirls from the solar wind. They are ideal locations to compare the effects of space weathering because multispectral data shows specific and divergent spectral effects that are correlated with the shape of the swirls.

Deducing subsurface and mantle processes as revealed by surface chemistry and morphology

Relative ages from crater counting and compositions of different mare basalt units determined from remote spectral data can be used to examine overturn of the LMO cumulate pile as a mechanism for generating their source regions.

Locating regions of compositional interest on the Moon based on remote sensing data

The improved spatial and spectral resolution data recently available from M3 and LRO can be used to locate regions of interest, such as possible origins of the lunar meteorites, favorable locations for future sampling missions, ideal sites for a lunar outpost, and identification of valuable resources for a sustained human presence.

Applying learned information from the Moon to other planetary bodies

The Moon has already proven itself an ideal staging ground for bold, new theories, such as the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) Theory, which has been applied to Mars and the Earth. Vesta and Mercury have very obvious similarities to the Moon, yet those aspects of them that make them diverge from being the same as the Moon can be better understood when put in context with popular lunar-related theories.

Dr. Kramer's CV | Dr. Kramer's Publications


* SCREP is a freeware program, copyrighted under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation.


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Last updated
October 4, 2010