Hale-Bopp Imaging with the New Narrowband Comet Filters
R.L. Millis, D.G. Schleicher, T.L. Farnham (Lowell Obs.)
The new narrowband comet filter set (designated the ``Hale-Bopp set'')
consists of 11 filters: five that isolate gas emission bands (OH, NH,
CN, C
, and C
), two for ions (CO
and H
O
) and four
that isolate associated continuum bands. Based on the knowledge
gained from the IHW filter set, many improvements were made in the new
filters, including a reduction of the continuum filter contamination
from gas emissions. Also, advancements in the manufacturing process
produced higher transmissions, squarer profiles and more robust,
longer-lived UV filters. Forty-seven full or partial filter sets were
distributed early in 1997. The status of both the standard star
system and the calibration process will be presented.
Our own filters were extensively used for both photometry and imaging
of Comet Hale-Bopp from January to May. Near-nucleus images were
obtained in all wavelengths with the Lowell Hall 42'' telescope and a
2048
CCD. The continuum images show arc structures that change
from night to night and can be measured to obtain information about
the nucleus rotation and dust velocities. The CO
images show
detailed structures that comprise the extensive plasma tail, but the
images taken through the H
O
filter exhibit little structure
apart from what is seen in the dust images. The neutral gas images
are dominated by a large contribution from the background continuum;
however, even a preliminary (uncalibrated) continuum subtraction
reveals many details hidden by the underlying dust.
Wide-field images of Hale-Bopp were also obtained through the narrowband
filters, using the 2048
CCD mounted on an 8-inch f/4 Takahashi
telescope. These images have a 3
field of view, which
captures 10-15 million kilometers of the tail. In these images, the
dust tail is well defined with a high signal-to-noise ratio but
exhibits very little structure. The CO
images, on the other hand,
show complex structure, which was observed to change on time scales as
short as 30 minutes.