Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (LMI 2008)

The Vredefort Dome needs no introduction to impact scientists, as it has long been recognized as the exhumed central uplift of the oldest and — possibly — largest confirmed impact structure on Earth. It presents a unique and superbly exposed cross section through the deep levels of the central parts of the Vredefort impact structure, as well as a deep window into the superlative Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Kaapvaal craton. Furthermore, it is an area of striking natural beauty with a rich history of human settlement extending back thousands of years. In July 2005, the northwestern part of the dome, which includes the Sunwa Lodge property, was declared a World Heritage Site. Work is currently underway to strengthen the tourism infrastructure in the World Heritage Site, including the construction of a visitor center highlighting the natural heritage of the area.

Sunwa River Lodge is a four-star hotel situated on the banks of the Vaal River. The Lodge has the largest conference facility in the Vredefort area and can accommodate up to 150 participants. Based on the number of delegates attending previous LMI meetings, this space should be sufficient for this conference. However, because our call in the first announcement for indication of interest resulted in 75 responses from nearly 20 countries, it is possible that the Lodge will reach its capacity for guest rooms as well as meeting rooms.

Rooms will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. The Sunwa River Lodge has a satellite facility, Lavender Hills, located about five minutes from the Lodge. Participants being accompanied by partners and/or family members may be booked into the Lavender Hills facility, as well as participants who prefer single rooms. In the event that the conference is fully subscribed, the organizers in fact may request that delegates preferring single rooms either share a room or take a single room at the Lavender Hills facility.

Shuttle service will be provided between the two facilities; all meals will be served at the Sunwa Lodge. Details about the Lodge and its varied program of activities, including hiking, river rafting, and helicopter flights over the Vredefort Mountainland, are provided on their website.

We recommend that delegates register early to secure participation. It is also in delegates' best interests to book flights early, as fare increases typically take effect around the first of April, and South Africa is a very popular tourist destination during July and August.

• Archean Impact:  Early Earth
• Consequences of Impact
• Crater Statistics:  Past Flux and Future Risk
• Drilling of Impact Structures (Special Symposium)
• Economic Resources in Impact Structures (Special Symposium)
• Environmental Consequences of Impact
• Experimental Cratering Studies
• Extraterrestrial Cratering
• Impact Ejecta
• Marine Impacts and Tsunamis (Special Symposium)
• Mass Extinctions
• Microstructures and Shock Metamorphism
• New Impact Structures
• Numerical Modelling (Special Symposium)
• Shatter Cones and Impact Breccias
• Studies of Life in Impact Settings
• Structural Geology of Terrestrial Craters (Special Symposium)
• Terrestrial Craters
• The Large Terrestrial Structures:  Chicxulub, Sudbury and Vredefort (Special Symposium)

The following special symposia have been proposed:

• Modeling Impact Cratering – Code Improvements and Problems (Convener:  Elisabetta Pierazzo)
• Drilling at Impact Craters – ICDP and Other Projects (Convener:  Christian Koeberl)
• Large Impacts – Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub (Conveners:  Ulrich Riller and Uwe Reimold)
• Structural Geology of Impact Craters (Convener:  Thomas Kenkmann)
• Marine Impacts and Tsunamis (Conveners:  Henning Dypvik, Wright Horton, and Kai Wünnemann)
• Impact Cratering Studies: Integration of Modeling, Experimental, Geophysical and Geological Data (Convener:  Jo Morgan)

PRESENTATIONS —
Oral presentations will be held in the main conference hall at Sunwa River Lodge, with breaks for tea and lunch. All presentations will be in PowerPoint. Please note that the system available makes use of IBM-based PCs, so Mac users should save presentations in the appropriate format. Oral presentations will be 12 minutes long, plus 3 minutes for questions. A Speaker Preparation Room will be available with desktop computers for uploading of talks. More details will be provided in the Final Announcement.

Poster presentations will be presented in the small conference hall directly adjacent to the main hall. The poster format must be landscape mode, and the size should not exceed 116 cm wide by 90 cm high.

All abstracts, whether invited or contributed, must be submitted electronically to the Lunar and Planetary Institute via the electronic submission form by 5:00 p.m. (CDT) on Thursday, May 15, 2008 (see timezone map).

First authors are limited to TWO abstracts, with only ONE being a request for oral presentation. The second submission should indicate poster or print only.

Abstracts will be limited to two pages, including graphics, tables, and references. Although the Organizing Committee is soliciting funding for color images to be included in the abstract volume, authors are urged to consider black-and-white print images with the submission of their abstract. Templates and detailed instructions for formatting and submitting your abstract are provided. Additional guidelines for scientific content can be found by viewing published examples from this year's LPSC (click on any four-digit abstract number to view the abstract).

Note:  It is in your best interest to submit early to allow for possible technical problems or delays in transmission. Please do not wait until the last minute to access the system; access to the web form will terminate at 5:00 p.m. CDT.

The program and abstracts will be available in electronic format and accessible via the meeting website by June 13, 2008. These files will be in PDF format. Authors should check the online program to find out where their abstract has been scheduled.

VREDEFORT DOME —
PC1 - Pre-conference: Friday, August 15 to Saturday, August 16
PC3 - Post-conference: Friday, August 22 to Saturday, August 23
Guides:  Roger Gibson, University of the Witwatersrand, and Uwe Reimold, Humboldt University

The Vredefort Dome was declared a World Heritage Site in 2005 in recognition of its superlative geological exposures that display evidence of the 2023 Ma impact event. The 90-km-wide dome represents the exposed root of the central uplift of the original ~300-km-wide Vredefort crater. Outcrops display shatter cones, ubiquitous pseudotachylitic breccias, dikes of impact melt-rock as well as a range of brittle and brittle-ductile structures related to formation of the central uplift and unusual high-temperature thermal effects induced by the impact. The dome exposes a 25–30 km vertical section through the Archean and Paleoproterozoic crust of the Kaapvaal craton, representing nearly 1500 million years of pre-impact history. This two-day excursion will cover all aspects of the geology of the dome with particular emphasis on research results obtained since 2000. The pre-conference excursion will leave from the Sandton hotels; the post-conference excursion will leave from the Sunwa River Lodge and will return participants to Sandton.

Participants:  20 minimum, 40 maximum
Cost:  R1750 (~US $235*) (includes field guide, luxury coach, two nights accommodation at Sunwa Lodge, including two breakfasts, picnic lunches, and dinners)
*Approximate US $ cost based on currency exchange rate of US $1 : R7.50

TSWAING CRATER —
PC2 - Pre-conference: Saturday, August 16
PC4 - Post-conference: Friday, August 22
Guide:  Dr. Gillian Drennan, University of the Witwatersrand

The 0.2 Ma Tswaing crater (Tswaing is Sotho for "place of salt") is one of the world's best-preserved simple bowl-shaped craters. It is located in the granitic rocks of the Bushveld Complex some 40 kilometers north-west of Pretoria. The near-circular structure has a 1.13 km rim-to-rim diameter with a maximum rim elevation of 60 m above the surrounding plains and a maximum elevation of 119 m above the crater floor. The crater was originally believed to represent the remains of an extinct volcano, but in 1990 distinctive evidence for meteorite impact was discovered in drill core samples beneath the crater floor. Visitors to the Tswaing impact crater will have the opportunity of studying the ejecta breccia and other large-scale deformation effects on a walk through the crater. Both excursions will leave from the Sandton hotels.

Participants:  8 minimum, 40 maximum
Cost:  R400.00 (~US $55) (including transportation, entrance fees, mid-morning snack, picnic lunch, and a book on Tswaing Crater).

BARBERTON MOUNTAINLAND AND KRUGER NATIONAL PARK —
PC5 - Six-day post-conference field excursion: Friday, August 22 to Wednesday, August 27
Guide:  Dr. Dion Brandt, Barberton, formerly University of the Witwatersrand

Itinerary
Day 1:  Leave Johannesburg and travel to the Barberton granite-greenstone geosites around the town of Badplaas that are the subject of a current World Heritage Site application. Visits to the classical komatiite outcrops and other Archean exposures in the Songimvelo Nature Reserve. Overnight in Badplaas at Mineral Spring Resort.

Day 2:  Visits to South Africa's oldest gold mine and other associated outcrops near the historical town of Barberton. Overnight in Barberton at Diggers Retreat.

Days 3 and 4:  Departure to the two-million hectare, world-renowned Kruger National Park where the group will spend two days viewing game and staying overnight at two of the park's rest camps.

Day 5:  Visits to the small, delightful village and heritage site of Pilgrims Rest where alluvial gold was discovered in the late nineteenth century. Some of South Africa's most panoramic landforms will be visited en route to Pilgrims Rest. An overnight stay at Pilgrims Rest will be at the historic Royal Hotel.

Day 6:  Return to the hotel in Johannesburg.

Participants:  8 minimum, 20 maximum
Cost:  R 7000 (~US $930) (including all accommodations, meals, entrance fees and transportation): Malaria prophylactic recommended for Kruger Park

PERMO-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY, KAROO BASIN —
PC6 - Four-day post-conference field excursion: Friday, August 22 - Monday, August 25
Guide: Dr. Johann Neveling, Council for Geoscience

The Karoo Supergroup of South Africa accumulated over a 120-million-year period of almost continued deposition. The Beaufort Group, the largest unit of the Karoo Supergroup, consists of a thick sequence of fluvial deposits spanning the Mid-Permian to the Mid-Triassic. Contained within these rocks are vestiges of the end-Permian mass extinction, one of the largest mass extinctions to be recorded in the geological record. Over the past two decades several studies have focused on the terrestrial expression of this mass extinction, as contained within the Karoo Basin. The aim of this excursion is to introduce participants to the Permo-Triassic Boundary localities and research on this event horizon in the Karoo.

Itinerary
Day 1:  Leave Johannesburg for Port Elizabeth by air on the morning of Day 1. Travel by road to the town of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape, with brief stops to look at lower Karoo rocks. Overnight in Graaff-Reinet.

Day 2:  Visits to several Late Permian and one Permo-Triassic boundary locality. Overnight in Middelburg.

Day 3:  View Early Triassic exposures as well as a second boundary locality in the Middelburg and Cradock districts, before setting-off for the Addo National Park. Overnight in Addo National Park.

Latter Part of Day 3 and first half of Day 4:  View game before returning to Port Elizabeth to fly back to Johannesburg.

Participants need to make their own hotel arrangements in Johannesburg for the nights of August 21 and August 25. Details about meetings at the airport on August 21 will be provided after flights are booked. Field trip organizers will be responsible for booking air tickets; thus, participants are required to provide necessary details upon registration for excursion.

Participants:  6 minimum, 20 maximum
Cost:  R6200 (~US$830) (including airfares, road transport, accommodation, meals and entrance fees).

** Please Note **  Minimum participation numbers have been set for all excursions. The Karoo excursion requires very early booking of flights between Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth, with flight reservations being made by the excursion leader, Johann Neveling. The deadline to register and pay for this excursion is May 15, 2008. Should insufficient interest be shown, the trip will be canceled by May 20, so that delegates can make alternative arrangements. Should insufficient interest be shown for the Barberton excursion, the trip will be canceled by May 20. For all other excursions, bookings must be made by the registration deadline of June 20.

~ A SPECIAL REQUEST TO PARTICIPANTS! ~

Since the declaration of a portion of the Vredefort Dome as a World Heritage Site in July 2005, the provincial and local governments involved in the administration of the site have been engaged in a process of drawing up a management plan for the site and in the creation of a tourism infrastructure to showcase the geology of the dome. Among the initiatives nearing completion is the creation of an Interpretation Centre near the town of Vredefort. This Centre contains a 60-seat auditorium and more than 500 square meters of display area. Its location is aimed to uplift the economically depressed Vredefort town by providing employment opportunities. Given the importance of outreach activities in our field, the organizers propose that the LMI IV conference be used to establish international links between the Interpretation Center and other similar centers and impact cratering research groups around the world. The suggestion has been made to host a ceremony at the Interpretation Centre on Wednesday, August 20, at which conference delegates can present to the people of the Vredefort Dome small gifts for display in the museum. Because the Vredefort Structure is deeply eroded and contains none of the suevites or shallow-level breccias, glasses, tektites, etc., of many other craters, or meteorite fragments, samples of such would greatly enhance visitors' understanding of the process of impact cratering. Even comparing the rather irregular partial shatter cones of the dome with samples of more complete cones from, say, Steinheim or Haughton Dome would be highly instructive. The donor of each sample will be acknowledged in the displays. While samples are the most obvious example for donations, it may be that donors have a striking image or a particularly effective poster describing a crater or related process that they may have worked on, or even such materials as a video clip of impact experiments, or a model simulation showing crater evolution or environmental consequences of impact, etc. If you have such images or posters, please get in touch with Roger Gibson with your offer or suggestions, and we will see what can be arranged. The benefits of these donations will be felt long into the future!

WINE TASTING — Monday, August 18, 5:30 to 7:00 p.m.
The Monday afternoon poster session will be followed by a wine tasting sponsored by KWV Wineries that will precede dinner. Following dinner, Roy McG. Miller, former Director of the Namibian Geological Survey, Windhoek, will present a special evening lecture about "The Roter Kamm Meteorite Impact Crater and its Ejecta Apron in the Southern Namib Desert of Southwestern Namibia." This lecture will review the multidisciplinary investigations of this impact crater and provide an intriguing perspective of the Namib Desert.

VREDEFORT DOME WORLD HERITAGE SITE COMMEMORATIVE COIN MINTING — Tuesday, August 19, 6:00 to 7:00 p.m.
(Event and venue to be confirmed at a later date.)
The South African Mint has elected to release its final gold coin commemorating South Africa's World Heritage Sites in a one-hour ceremony from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. that will be attended by members of the national television and press. A limited number of coins will be made available to interested participants.

PRESENTATION OF DONATIONS FOR VREDEFORT INTERPRETATION CENTER AND CLOSING CEREMONY — Wednesday, August 20, 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.
The closing ceremony will take place at the newly constructed Vredefort Interpretation Centre and will feature hors d'oeuvres sponsored by the Fezile Dabi District Municipality. Coaches will transport delegates. This ceremony will provide an opportunity for delegates to present to the people of the Vredefort Dome donations of samples and other materials that will be incorporated into the Interpretation Center (see announcement above).

GUEST TOUR 1 — Monday, August 18:  Two-hour Walking Nature Trail of Sunwa with an expert guide (R125.00)

GUEST TOUR 2 — Tuesday, August 19:  Visit to Savannah Cheetah Ranch and Game Drive (R475.00)

GUEST TOUR 3 — Wednesday, August 20:  Cultural Heritage Resources of the Vredefort Dome (R450.00): This excursion will visit the Venterskroon mining village and old mine shafts, the Iron Age Askoppies kraal site and the Bushman petroglyphs at Daskop, returning by lunchtime

GUEST TOUR 4 — Wednesday, August 20:  Visit to Parys art galleries, shops, including lunch R150.00; Coach House Spa Massage (Full Body R300.00; Neck and Back R200.00)

** South African Airways — Preferred Conference Carrier **
South African Airways (SAA), the national airline carrier of South Africa, has been appointed as the preferred carrier for the conference. SAA serves most major cities in Europe and has direct flights into North America (Washington, DC, and New York). The airline is part of the Star Alliance. The following conditions apply:

SAA is offering delegates special fares over the period of the event on a first-come, first-served basis. Early booking is strongly suggested as flights to, from, and within South Africa are generally in heavy demand. These fares are available for flights booked directly with SAA or their Intercontinental, Regional, and Domestic services subject to the relevant class availability. Conditions will apply. Any flights undertaken on foreign carriers will be for the delegate's own account. Enquiries can be made immediately by contacting your nearest SAA office. Contact details for all the SAA Offices worldwide can be obtained from the website www.flysaa.com. South African residents should contact Shirley Berry on telephone 011 978 1100. In all instances quote reference number AIR.GC.07.000046.

SAA will require proof of registration. A letter will be provided upon receipt of the registration form and proof of payment.

CONFERENCE COACH TRANSPORT —
Chartered coaches will transport participants from the two Sandton hotels to Sunwa Lodge at 1:00 p.m. on Sunday, August 17, and will return to these hotels by 4:00 p.m. on Thursday, August 21. Delegates wishing to depart on international flights on Thursday, August 21, will be dropped directly at the O.R. Tambo International Airport. All conference-related transportation is included with the conference package; however, delegates are required to make their own way to the Sandton hotels upon arrival. The Garden Court Sandton City Hotel runs a hotel shuttle bus upon request that will drop guests at the Garden Court Sandton Hotel as well. Delegates are asked to request pickup when booking their Sandton hotel rooms as prior booking is essential. The cost is R230 for a single person and R70 thereafter per extra person (cost divided equally between all people on board). From time to time, reports have surfaced of visitors being conned and robbed by criminals posing as taxi operators at O.R. Tambo Airport. Delegates are, thus, urged to ignore the offers of transportation that will be made by people standing in the Arrivals Hall, and use the Garden Court Sandton Shuttle only or obtain information about other accredited shuttle services at the Information Desk in the Arrivals Hall.

ACCOMMODATIONS AND MEALS —
Four nights accommodations and meals at Sunwa River Lodge (from the evening of August 17 to lunch, August 21)

Sharing		R3350.00 (~$450.00 USD)
Single*		R4250.00 (~$570.00 USD)

*The conference organizers may ask participants to share if the conference is fully booked, or to preferentially place participants prepared to share at the main Sunwa River Lodge. Otherwise requests for single rooms will be treated on a first-come, first-served basis.

REGISTRATION FEE —

Participant		R490.00 (~$65.00 USD)
Student		R390.00 (~$52.00 USD)
Guest		R340.00 (~$45.00 USD)

EXCURSIONS —

Vredefort Dome		R1750.00 (~$235.00 USD)
Tswaing		R400.00 (~$55.00 USD)
Barberton		R7000.00 (~$930.00 USD)
Karoo Basin		R6200.00 (~$830.00 USD)

* Notes *

• Early registration fees apply only until June 20. Late registration from June 21 to July 20 will require payment of a late registration penalty of R300.
• Upon receipt, a confirmation of registration statement will be e-mailed to registrant.
• There are no abstract fees payable.
• Pre- and post-conference accommodations in Johannesburg/Sandton must be booked directly with the hotels (see below).
• Transportation between the Sandton hotels and O.R. Tambo International Airport is not covered in the conference fee.
• The Sunwa Lodge hotel fee does not include drinks, which must be paid for individually (in addition to what is provided during official conference social events). Hotel regulations prohibit drinks being brought onto the premises by guests.

FEE PAYMENT —
All payments listed above must be made to the following account:

First National Bank of SA Limited
Current account number: 62151059469
Branch Code: 251 905
Branch Name: Braamfontein
Code: Wits University (LMI 2008)
Swift Code: FIRNZAJJ950

CONFIRMATION OF REGISTRATION —
Please ensure that your Registration Form is faxed or e-mailed to

Prof. R.L. Gibson
School of Geosciences
University of the Witwatersrand
Fax:  No. +27 11 717 6579
E-mail:  roger.gibson@wits.ac.za

CANCELLATION POLICY —
Registration fees and hotel charges will be refunded less a $20.00 administrative fee for cancellations received prior to June 20, 2008. For cancellations between June 20 and July 31, 2008, a 50% cancellation fee will be charged. Thereafter no refund will be possible.

GENERAL NOTES —
** Restrictions on delegate numbers **
Given the size of the conference venue, the number of scientific delegates will be restricted to 150. In the event that the total number of attendees (participants + guests) exceeds 150, space is available in nearby hotels. Accommodations will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. Whether availability of accommodation at Sunwa River Lodge will be sufficient depends largely on how many participants request single accommodation. We would like to urge you to consider "doubling up" and to indicate on the Registration Form with whom you would like to share a room.

• The Garden Court Sandton Hotel (approximate cost bed R909 per person per night single; R546 pp sharing; Katherine St., Sandhurst, Tel. +27 11 8845660, Fax +27 11 7832004; contact lindar@southernsun.com)
• The Garden Court Sandton City Hotel (approximate cost R1047 single; R634 sharing; Maude St., Sandown, Tel. +27 11 2697000, Fax +27 11 2697030; contact ameliand@southernsun.com)

Bookings can be made through www.southernsun.com. Participants are free to make other arrangements but all excursion and conference transportation will depart from the Garden Court Sandton and Garden Court Sandton City hotels.

MESSAGES AND INTERNET ACCESS —
Sunwa Lodge has wireless Internet access throughout its property. Should you wish to make use of Wi-Fi, a password will have to be obtained from the Reception Desk. If you need to leave forwarding contact details, the contact numbers for the Sunwa Lodge are +27 56 8177107 (telephone) and +27 56 8177362 (fax). Internet access is available in the Sandton hotels, and Internet cafes are also located nearby.

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TRANSPORT —
Public transportation is available in and between major centers; however, Metro bus transport within Johannesburg is somewhat erratic. Since South Africa is geared toward private transportation, there is a well-maintained network of roads and motorways, some of which are toll roads. Traffic travels on the left, and speed limits are 60 kilometers/hour in urban areas, 100 kilometers/hour on secondary roads, and 120 kilometers/hour on national highways. The easiest form of transportation for travel throughout the country comes in the form of rental cars. All major car rental companies are represented in South Africa. Foreign driver's licenses are valid as long as they carry the photograph and signature of the holder. If the license is not in English, a certificate of authenticity written in English from an embassy is required.

A number of taxi services are available in Johannesburg. Please remember that taxis are not free-roaming and do not drive around looking for passengers. Taxis can be ordered by telephone, but can also be found at designated taxi-ranks, for example, at airports and railway stations. Please note the caution about unsolicited offers of taxi services at O.R.Tambo Airport. Hotel or restaurant staff will assist with arranging taxi services, and it is strongly recommended that delegates make use of their assistance.

CURRENCY EXCHANGE —
Most restaurants and shops, all hotels, and many other businesses accept all major credit cards. If, upon arrival, you wish to exchange some funds, exchange bureau counters are available in the International Arrivals Hall at O.R. Tambo International Airport or at Sandton City. Major ATM and credit cards can also be used at ATMs for the purpose of withdrawing money (please check with your travel agent or bank before departure). As a developing nation, South Africa's currency, the Rand, is prone to fluctuations by as much as 10–15% within a few weeks against the major currencies. At present it is fluctuating within the R7.30–R7.90 range to $1.00 USD. All conversions quoted above are based on US $1 : ZAR 7.50. It is a requirement of South African tax law that payment be made by participants in South African currency (the Rand).

SECURITY —
For those delegates spending time in Johannesburg/Sandton, please remember to be aware of personal safety at all times. To ensure that you enjoy your stay, be aware of the following tips:

• Avoid walking alone in the streets, especially after dark or on the weekends. Nelson Mandela Square with its many restaurants is, of course, safe for walking.
• It is advisable to use taxis at night, and only those that have been booked through a reputable taxi company or arranged by hotels.
• Try not to attract attention by overtly carrying cameras or wearing expensive jewelry; leave valuables with hotel security.
• If you have rented a car, always remember to keep your car doors locked. In cities, it is recommended that windows be kept closed, even while driving.
• Try not to carry large amounts of cash; instead use traveler's checks or credit cards.

** The organizers recommend that you avoid the Johannesburg Central Business District unless you join a guided tour.

INSURANCE AND MEDICAL EMERGENCIES —
It is the responsibility of each delegate to provide their own travel insurance. The coach company hired to transport delegates carries passenger liability coverage. Sunwa Lodge is only 5 km from Parys, which has medical practitioners and a hospital able to handle medical emergencies.

For questions concerning conference announcements, contact:
    ELIZABETH WAGGANER
    Lunar and Planetary Institute
    Phone: 281-486-2164
    E-mail: wagganer@lpi.usra.edu

For questions concerning abstract submission, contact:
    LINDA TANNER
    Lunar and Planetary Institute
    Phone: 281-486-2142
    E-mail: tanner@lpi.usra.edu