Preface
INDEX
(1) Credits
(2) Printing Images
(3) Image Acquisition and Processing
(4) Photographic Data
(1) CREDITS
This is a digital version of the Consolidated Lunar Atlas, by Gerard Kuiper, Ewen Whitaker, Robert Strom, John Fountain, and Stephen Larson. The original atlas was published for the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (Office of Aerospace Research) by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (University of Arizona) in 1967. Images were taken in two groups: group 1 (non-full-moon images) were imaged with the 61 inch NASA Telescope, Catalina Observatory; group 2 (full-moon images) were taken with the 61-inch U.S. Astrometric Telescope, U.S. Naval Observatory.
The present digital version was created by Eric Douglass, using a copy of the Consolidated Lunar Atlas on loan from the Lunar and Planetary Institute's Center for Information and Research Services. The images marked 'full frame' are of the full photographic plate; the images marked 'close-up' are of the region about the terminator (approximately half of the plate).
At this point I want to express my gratitude to the following people who made this project a reality: Paul Spudis, who authorized the project; Linda Chappell, who both sent the atlas and gave me extensions to complete this project; Lou McKinney, who offered technical expertise in acquiring and processing the images; Jeff Gillis, who reviewed the atlas and offered advice along the way; and my family (Felecia, Michael, and Daniel)...who perennially support my work...no matter how crazy it may appear. Finally, many thanks to Mary Noel, who worked with me throughout this project, from humble beginnings to final product.
(2) PRINTING IMAGES
All images were encoded at 72 dots per inch (dpi), which is appropriate for computer screens but not for printing purposes. Thus, it is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED that the end user increase the resolution before printing. Appropriate credits must be given prior to utilization of the images: "Consolidated Lunar Atlas, G. Kuiper et al., 1967, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona; digital version by E. Douglass and M.S. O'Dell, 2003, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston."
(3) IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
The images were taken with a Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F707 digital camera (5.24 mega pixel), with the camera set in macro mode, on a copy stand with four lights overlain by diffusion filters.
The images were processed with Adobe Photoshop. Here images were stretched to 256 levels of gray; the bottom 3-4 levels of gray were dropped; and orphans were dropped (white or black; tenths of one percent). This generally resulted in an increase of gray-scale coverage by 15-20 percent (40-50 levels). Next, the gamma point was moved to keep critical areas of the image usable. Note that this processing especially addressed "dark" areas of the images. As the original images often contain considerable variation across their "shadow" (black) areas, this stretching has made such variations more apparent.
The image was cropped to remove borders and areas of the image that were "black" across entire rows or columns; consequently, few images retain their original size. The images were saved as TIFF files with LZW compression (except for the full-moon images, which were recorded as high-quality JPEG files for space considerations). All images were recorded at 72 pixels per inch (ppi), meaning that the image "size" is considerable larger than the actual photographs. For printing, it is HIGHLY recommended that the end user first increase the resolution.
Note that a number of images contained scratches and smudges. These were generally not removed, as this would require alterations in the actual details of the image; thus, these aspects of image processing (along with sharpening and other enhancements) are left to the end user.
Note that the quality of the original photographs varies widely across the atlas, especially in areas of grain, focus, and reproductions of true black/white.
(4) PHOTOGRAPHIC DATA
Series I label date hour/minute (UT) colong l b a1, L 175 1938, June 3 o4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 a2, C 1769 1966, May 6 8 43.3 103.6 5.2 .5 a3, C 2211 1966, June 24 3 48.7 339.9 1.5 -6.4 a4, C 2527 1966, Sept 3 9 47.2 130.2 -2.7 3.9 a5, C 3879 1967, Jan 19 2 56.5 7.2 -3.6 1.5 a6, C 2580 1966, Sept 4 10 43.6 142.9 -4.0 2.7 a7, C 2597 1966, Sept 5 11 43.4 155.6 -5.2 .7 a8, C 3898 1967, Jan 20 1 44.7 18.4 -4.8 .1 a9, C 2620 1966, Sept 6 10 40.5 167.3 -6.6 -.7 a10, C 3027 1966, Oct 24 2 59.7 28.9 3.4 6.6 a11, C 3265 1966, Oct 28 7 52.4 80 -1.7 3.2 a12, C 3718 1966, Dec 23 4 38.0 39.8 -3.5 1.3 a13, C 4079 1967, Jan 22 3 30.8 43.9 -6.3 -2.5 a14, C 2349 1966, Jul 12 11 26.0 204.7 -5.9 1.8 a15, C 358 1965, Dec 6 5 2.0 63.6 -5.8 2.7 a16, C 3252 1966, Oct 28 6 34.0 79.3 -1.7 3.2 b1, l 175 1938, Jun 3 4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 b2, c 1765 1966, May 6 8 39.8 103.6 5.2 .5 b3, C 4396 1967, Mar 17 2 20.5 340.4 -6 -2.4 b4, C 202 1965, Nov 11 10 6.1 121.9 -3.3 -1.4 B5, C 111 1965, Oct 13 8 23.6 127.9 -4.4 2.0 b6, C 2500 1966, Sept 3 9 26.3 130 -2.7 3.9 b7, C 1384 1966, Apr 27 2 37.7 350.9 -4.6 -5.6 b8, C 2545 1966, Sept 4 10 3.2 142.6 -4 2.7 b9, C 1514 1966, Apr 28 2 37.5 3 -3.8 -6.3 b10, C 1890 1966, May 28 4 1.9 10.1 .5 -6.4 b11, C 2626 1966, Sept 6 10 43.7 167.3 -6.6 -.7 b12, C 3924 1967, Jan 20 3 16 19.5 -4.8 .1 b13, C4184 1967, Feb 19 2 53.8 24.2 -7.4 -3.8 b14, C 2444 1966, Aug 8 11 8.4 173.3 -5.1 2.7 b15, C 4071 1967, Jan 22 3 27.5 43.9 -6.3 -2.7 b16, C 1585 1966, May 2 3 49.9 52.4 1.2 -5.4 b17, C 2862 1966, Oct 8 12 8.7 198.3 -6.7 -6.0 b18, C 363 1965, Dec 6 5 7.0 63.7 -5.8 2.7 b19, C 2396 1966, Jul 13 11 46.7 217.1 -6.5 .4 b20, C 3249 1966, Oct 28 6 32.1 79.3 -1.7 3.2 c1, C 1761 1966, May 6 8 37.5 103.6 5.2 .5 c2, L 175 1938, Jun 3 04 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 c3, C 687 1966, Jan 9 11 18 120.1 1.4 -6.4 c4, C 2202 1966, Jun 24 3 43.3 339.9 1.5 -6.4 c5, C 2499 1966, Sept 3 9 24.4 130.1 -2.7 3.9 c6, C 2544 1966, Sept 4 10 1.3 142.6 -4 2.7 c7, C 1487 1966, Apr 27 3 34.9 351.3 -4.6 -5.6 c8, C 2593 1966, Sept 5 11 40.3 155.6 -5.2 .7 c9, C 3897 1967, Jan 19 3 3.5 7.2 -3.6 1.5 c10, C 1894 1966, May 28 4 6.2 10.1 .5 -6.4 c11, C 2629 1966, Sept 6 10 45.7 167.3 -6.6 -.7 c12, C 2699 1966, Sept 7 11 27 179.9 -7.3 -2 c13, C 3902 1967, Jan 20 1 46.1 18.5 -4.8 .1 c14, C 1960 1966, May 29 3 46.8 22.2 1.5 -5.6 c15, C 1911 1966, May 28* 4 16.4 10.2 .5 -6.4 c16, C 3727 1966, Dec 23 4 43.8 39.8 -3.5 1.3 c17, C 4062 1967, Jan 22 3 20.5 43.8 -6.3 -2.7 c18, C 2928 1966, Oct 9 11 35.3 210.3 -6 -6.5 c19, C 1275 1966, Apr 2 8 26.5 48.8 -2.8 -6.3 c20, C 4259 1967, Feb 22 3 20.1 60.9 -6.6 -6.4 c21, C 369 1965, Dec 6 5 14 63.7 -5.8 2.7 c22, C 2391 1966, Jul 13 11 44.6 217 -6.5 .4 c23, C 3239 1966, Oct 28 6 28.3 79.3 -1.7 3.2 d1, C 1337 1966, Apr 6 7 18 96.9 4.1 -3.6 d2, C 1760 1966, May 6 8 36.4 103.6 5.2 .5 d3, L 175 1938, Jun 3 4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 d4, C 692 1966, Jan 9 11 21 120 1.4 -6.4 d5, C 2201 1966, Jun 24 3 41.9 339.9 1.7 -6.4 d6, C 2518 1966, Sept 3 9 42.4 130.2 -2.7 3.9 d7, C 230 1965, Nov 12 10 44.6 134.4 -2.4 -3 d8, C 2571 1966, Sept 4 10 37.6 142.9 -4 2.7 d9, C 1411 1966, Apr 27 2 54.4 351 -4.6 -5.6 d10, C 1843 1966, May 27 3 55.6 356.8 -.6 -6.7 d11, C 3362 1966, Nov 3 9 15.3 153.6 -5.8 -5 d12, C 1527 1966, Apr 28 2 50.2 3.2 -3.8 -6.3 d13, C 2668 1966, Sept 6 11 10.1 167.5 -6.6 -.7 d14, C 1900 1966, May 28 4 11.2 10.2 .5 -6.4 d15, C 3904 1967, Jan 20 1 47.1 18.5 -4.8 .1 d16, C 2439 1966, Aug 8 11 3.4 173.3 -5.1 2.7 d17, C 4195 1967, Feb 19 2 56.8 24.2 -7.4 -3.8 d18, C 2695 1966, Sept 7 11 25.2 179.8 -7.3 -2.3 d19, C 3979 1967, Jan 21 2 44.2 31.4 -5.7 -1.3 d20, C 1196 1966, Apr 1 3 22.3 34.1 -4.3 -6.3 d21, C 2303 1966, Jul 11 11 36 191.5 -5 3.2 d22, C 4060 1967, Jan 22 3 17.8 43.8 -6.3 -2.7 d23, C 2857 1966, Oct 8 12 5.1 198.3 -6.7 -6 d24, C 4268 1967, Feb 22 3 22.9 60.9 -6.6 -6.4 d25, C 2923 1966, Oct 9 11 32.6 210.2 -6 -6.5 d26, C 374 1965, Dec 6 5 18 63.8 -5.8 2.7 d27, C 790 1966, Feb 4 6 52.3 74.1 -3.7 -5.2 d28, C 3198 1966, Oct 28 6 7.1 79 -1.7 3.2 e1, C 1355 1966, Apr 6 8 0.0 97.3 4.1 -3.6 e2, C 1726 1966, May 6 8 11.8 103.4 5.2 .5 e3, L 175 1938, Jun 3 4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 e4, C 648 1966, Jan 9 8 16 118.5 1.2 -6.3 e5, C 4413 1967, Mar 17 2 31.2 340.5 -6 -2.4 e6, C 2491 1966, Sept 3 9 19 130 -2.7 3.9 e7, C 226 1965, Nov 12 10 37.2 134.3 -2.5 -3 e8, C 2564 1966, Sept 4 10 35.4 142.8 -4 2.7 e9, C 1419 1966, Apr 27 2 58.3 351 -4.6 -5.6 e10, C 1850 1966, May 27 3 58.3 357.9 -.6 -6.7 e11, C3355 1966, Nov 3 9 4.6 153.5 -5.8 -5 e12, C3846 1967, Jan 19 2 41.8 7.1 -3.6 1.5 e13, C2663 1966, Sept 6 11 7.5 167.5 -6.6 -.7 e14, C3944 1967, Jan 20 3 27.2 19.6 -4.8 .1 e15, C1968 1966, May 29 3 50.8 22.2 1.5 -5.6 e16, C2720 1966, Sept 7 11 39.2 180 -7.3 -2 e17, C 3977 1967, Jan 21 2 42.5 31.4 -5.7 -1.3 e18, C1199 1966, Apr 1 3 24.2 34.1 -4.3 -6.3 e19, C 2781 1966, Sept 8 11 52.7 192.3 -7.6 -3.4 e20, C 2878 1966, Oct 8 12 18.3 198.4 -6.7 -6 e21, C 4052 1967, Jan 22 3 11 43.7 -6.3 -2.7 e22, C 1262 1966, Apr 2 8 11.7 48.7 -2.8 -6.6 e23, C 1662 1966, May 2 5 45.7 53.4 1.2 -5.4 e24, C 2921 1966, Oct 9 11 31.2 210.2 -6 -6.5 e25, C 378 1965, Dec 6 5 23 63.8 -5.8 -2.7 e26, C 2376 1966, Jul 13 11 35.2 216.9 -6.5 .4 e27, C 96 1966, Feb 4 7 2.3 74.2 -3.7 -5.2 e28, C 3233 1966, Oct 28 6 25.3 79.3 -1.7 3.2 f1, C 1354 1966, Apr 6 7 58.2 97.3 4.1 -3.6 f2, C 1732 1966, May 6 8 15.7 103.4 5.2 .5 f3, L 175 1938, Jun 3 4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 f4, C 4372 1967, Mar 17 2 8.9 340.3 -6 -2.4 f5, C 701 1966, Jan 9 11 26 120.2 1.4 -6.4 f6, C 101 1965, Oct 13 8 4.2 127.7 -4.5 2 f7, C 223 1965, Nov 12 10 31.2 134.3 -2.4 -3 f8, C 1430 1966, Apr 27 3 3 351.1 -4.6 -5.6 f9, C 2559 1966, Sept 4 10 32.4 142.8 -4 2.7 f10, C 1794 1966, May 27 3 33.3 356.6 -.6 -6.7 f11, C 2615 1966, Sept 5 12 21.2 155.9 -5.2 .7 f12, C 3853 1967, Jan 19 2 44.7 7.1 -3.6 1.5 f13, C 2661 1966, Sept 6 11 5.6 167.5 -6.6 -.7 f14, C 3950 1967, Jan 20 3 29.9 19.6 -4.8 .1 f15, C 1995 1966, May 29 4 40.6 22.6 1.5 -5.6 f16, C 3745 1966, Dec 23 4 53.8 39.9 -3.5 1.3 f17, C 2317 1966, Jul 11 11 41 191.5 -5 3.2 f18, C 4048 1967, Jan 22 3 7.6 43.7 -6.3 -2.7 f19, C 1256 1966, Apr 2 8 5.2 48.7 -2.8 -6.6 f20, C 2880 1966, oct 8 12 20.3 198.4 -6.7 -6 f21, C 1607 1966, May 2 4 5.9 52.6 1.2 -5.4 f22, C 2365 1966, Jul 12 11 37.3 204.7 -5.9 1.8 f23, C 4301 1967, Feb 22 3 34.9 61 -6.6 -6.4 f24, C 801 1966, Feb 4 7 6.7 74.2 -3.7 -5.2 f25, C 2380 1966, Jul 13 11 37 216.9 -6.5 .4 f26, C 3205 1966, Oct 28 6 10.7 79 -1.7 3.2 g1, L 175 1938, Jun 3 4 00 328.7 5.2 6.6 g2, C 1348 1966, Apr 6 7 31.7 97 4.1 -3.6 g3, C 1735 1966, May 6 8 17.7 103.4 5.2 .5 g4, C 2189 1966, Jun 24 3 36.6 339.8 1.5 -6.4 g5, C 664 1966, Jan 9 8 30 118.7 1.2 -6.3 g6, C 123 1965, Oct 13 9 20.2 128.4 -4.5 1.9 g7, C 220 1965, Nov 12 10 25.1 134.2 -2.5 -3 g8, C 1437 1966, Apr 27 3 5.7 351.1 -4.6 -5.6 g9, C 1856 1966, May 27 4 3.9 357.9 -.6 -6.7 g10, C 2555a 1966, Sept 4 10 30.2 142.8 -4 2.7 g11, C 3870 1967, Jan 19 2 52 7.2 -3.6 1.5 g12, C 2584 1966, Sept 5 11 30.2 155.5 -5.3 .7 g13, C 3911 1967, Jan 20 1 51.6 18.5 -4.8 .1 g14, C 2655 1966, Sept 6 11 2.7 167.5 -6.6 -.7 g15, C 1208 1966, Apr 1 3 31.8 34.2 -4.3 -6.3 g16, C 2435 1966, Aug 8 10 55.2 173.2 -5.1 2.7 g17, C 2743 1966, Sept 7 12 2.7 180.2 -7.3 -2 g18, C 4044 1967, Jan 22 3 4.3 43.7 -6.3 -2.7 g19, C 1254 1966, Apr 2 8 3.3 48.7 -2.8 -6.6 g20, C 2885 1966, Oct 8 12 22.7 198.4 -6.7 -6 g21, C 4308 1967, Feb 22 3 38.2 61 -6.6 -6.4 g22, C 931 1966, Mar 5 6 1 66.5 -2.5 -6.4 g23, C 804 1966, Feb 4 7 8.6 74.2 -3.7 -5.2 g24, C 2821 1966, Sept 10 12 1.7 216.8 -6.8 -5.6 g25, C 558 1966, Jan 6 6 4.2 81 -4.4 -3.1 g26, C 2477 1966, Aug 12 11 40.3 222.5 -7.4 -1.5 h1, C 666 1966, Jan 9 8 32 118.7 1.3 -6.3 h2, C 2153 1966, Jun 24 3 16.9 339.7 1.5 -6.4 h3, C 1444 1966, Apr 27 3 9.8 351.1 -4.6 -5.6 h4, C 1782 1966, May 27 3 19.3 356.5 -.6 -6.7 h5, C 218 1965, Nov 12 10 19.8 134.2 -2.5 -3 h6, C 675 1966, Jan 9 8 39 118.7 1.3 -6.3 h7, C 3912 1967, Jan 20 1 52.3 18.5 -4.8 .1 h8, C 749 1966, Jan 10 9 46 131 3.2 -6.6 h9, C 214 1965, Nov 12 10 10.7 134.1 -2.5 -3 h10, C 2618 1966, Sept 5 12 25.3 156 -5.2 .7 h11, C 3968 1967, Jan 21 2 35.5 31.3 -5.7 -1.3 h12, C 1214 1966, Apr 1 3 37.2 34.2 -4.3 -6.3 h13, C 3372 1966, Nov 3 9 30.7 153.7 -5.8 -5 h14, C 3437 1966, Nov 4 10 24.8 166.4 -5.7 -5.9 h15, C 2653 1966, Sept 6 11 1.2 167.4 -6.6 -.7 h16, C 4036 1967, jan 22 2 53.7 43.6 -6.3 -2.7 h17, C 1318 1966, Apr 2 10 46.2 50 -2.8 -6.6 h18, C 2681 1966, Sept 7 11 14 179.8 -7.3 -2 h19, C 2849 1966, Oct 8 11 56.5 198.2 -6.7 -6 h20, C 142 1965, Oct 19 11 47.6 202.6 -.5 -6.3 h21, C 4321 1967, Feb 22 3 42.9 61 -6.6 -6.4 h22, C 2827 1966, Sept 10 12 6 216.8 -6.8 -5.6 h23, C 162 1965, oct 19 12 12.9 202.8 -.5 -6.3 h24, C 543 1966, Jan 6 5 45 80.9 -4.4 -3.1 h25, C 2933 1966, Oct 9 11 45.2 210.3 -6 -6.5 * This date is in dispute full moon full y 842 1960, Mar 13 5 16.6 93.3 -5.2 .5 a1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 a2, N16 3171a 1965, Jan 17 7 25.3 85.7 -.1 -3.4 a3, N16 3171a 1965, Jan 17 7 25.3 85.7 -.1 -3.4 b1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 b2, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 b3, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 b4, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 c1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 c2, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 c3, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 c4, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 c5, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 d1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 d2, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 d3, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 d4, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 d5, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 e1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 e2, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 e3, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 e4, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 e5, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 f1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 f2, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 f3, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 f4, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 f5, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 g1, N5818 1965, Oct 9 6 29.1 78 6.3 -3.6 g2, Y106 1959, Apr 22 3 57 24 -3 .1 g3, L224 1946, Jan 17 7 50.6 78.2 3.7 -2.2 g4, N9547c 1966, Dec 1 8 7.8 133.8 -4.6 -5.9 h1, Y106 1959, Apr 22 3 57 24 -3 .1 h2, Y106 1959, Apr 22 3 57 24 -3 .1 h3, Y482 1959, Sept 18 8 12 335.2 3.6 1.1
