Indiana University, B.S. with Honors, Geology, 1984
Harvard University, Ph.D., Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1989
Introduction
In early 2004, the President of the United States outlined a new vision for space exploration that begins with a return to the Moon. In that vision, he tasked NASA to, “starting no later than 2008, initiate a series of robotic missions to the Moon to prepare for and support future human exploration activities; conduct the first extended human expedition to the lunar surface as early as 2015, but no later than the year 2020; and use lunar exploration activities to further science, and to develop and test new approaches, technologies, and systems, including the use of lunar and other space resources, to support sustained human space exploration to Mars and other destinations.”
In late 2017, the President of the United States signed a Space Policy Directive that tasked the government to “lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities. Beginning with missions beyond low-Earth orbit, the United States will lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization, followed by human missions to Mars and other destinations…”
In early 2019, the Vice President of the United States asked NASA to implement that directive by landing astronauts at the lunar south pole in 2024 and returning them safely to Earth.
This is an exciting and complex task that will require contributions of many people within NASA, industry, and the academic community. This web site provides a few examples of the issues to be explored and the architecture needed to address them.
Science and Exploration Goals
Exploring Impact Cratering on the Moon and its Implications for the Biologic Evolution of, and Habitable Conditions on, the Earth (PDF) Presented at the 2005 LEAG Conference on Lunar Exploration, Houston, TX
Finding Missing Pages of Earth History on the Moon (PDF) Invited presentation for the 2006 Astrobiology Science Conference, Washington, DC
Exploring Lunar Impact Craters and Their Implications for the Origin and Early Evolution of Life on Earth (PDF) Invited presentation for the 2006 AGU Session regarding “Science of, on and from the Moon,” San Francisco, CA
Using the Moon to Determine the Magnitude of the Inner Solar System Cataclysm and Post-Cataclysm Impact Flux (PDF) Invited by the NASA Advisory Council and NASA Headquarters for 2007 Workshop on Science Associated with the Lunar Exploration Architecture, Tempe, AZ
Deciphering the Chronology and Implications of Impact Cratering on the Moon: A High Science Priority for Lunar Exploration (PDF) Presented at the 2008 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX
Space: An Essential Frontier for Our Nation's Future (PDF) Submitted in response to a request from the Space Studies Board of The National Academies, 24 January 2009
Targeting Complex Craters and Multi-ring Basins to Determine the Tempo of Impact Bombardment While Simultaneously Probing the Lunar Interior (PDF) Invited by the organizers of the 2009 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Science Targeting meeting, Tempe AZ
Using the Moon to Explore the Entire Solar System (PDF) White Paper submitted to the U.S. Human Space Flight Plan Review Committee (aka Augustine Committee), 14 August 2009
Timely Reminder to Return to the Moon (PDF) Published in Nature (v. 490, p. 487), October 25, 2012.
Exploration of the Schrödinger Peak-Ring Basin on the Lunar Farside (PDF) Presented at the 2013 Large Meteorite Impact V meeting.
Exploring the Schrödinger and South Pole-Aitken Basins on the Lunar Farside (PDF) Presented at the 2013 European Planetary Science Conference.
Science and Challenges of Lunar Sample Return (PDF) Outcomes and recommendations from a workshop hosted by the European Space Agency, 2014.
Lunar Polar Volatiles: Assessment of Existing Observations for Exploration (PDF) White Paper responding to request from NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD), 2016.
Transformative Lunar Science (PDF) White Paper responding to a request from the Associate Administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD), 2018.
Lunar South Pole Geology: Preparing for a Seventh Landing (PDF) Presented at the 2019 NASA Exploration Science Forum.
Dichotomy of Science and ISRU Targets (PDF) Presented at the 2019 Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) meeting.
Differential Distribution of Water Ice and Dry Ice in the Moon's South Polar Region: Implications for Resource Potential (PDF) Presented at the 2020 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
Producing Transformative Lunar Science with Geologic Sample Return: A Note about Sample Mass (PDF) Prepared for the 2020 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
Artemis III EVA Opportunities in the Vicinity of the Lunar South Pole on the Rim of Shackleton Crater (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Artemis III EVA Opportunities along a Ridge Extending from Shackleton Crater towards de Gerlache Crater (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Artemis III EVA Opportunities on the Rim of de Gerlache Crater (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Alternative Artemis III EVA Opportunities near de Gerlache Crater (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Artemis III EVA Opportunities on the Lunar Farside near Shackleton Crater (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Preparing for Artemis III EVA Science Operations (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Artemis III EVA Opportunities on Malapert and Leibnitz β Massifs (PDF) Input for the 2020 Artemis III Science Definition Team.
Training for Lunar Surface Operations (PDF) Apollo- and Constellation-based findings for the Artemis Program, 2020.
Planning for an Initial Assessment of Volatile-bearing Polar Regolith During Artemis Missions (PDF) Prepared for a 2021 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
Integrated Science and Flight Operations (PDF) Presented at a 2021 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
An Exploration Operations System (PDF) Presented at a 2021 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
Testing Estimated Polar Regolith Physical Properties with In Situ Geotechnical Measurements Between the South Pole and Potential Artemis Landing Site 001 (PDF) Presented at the 2022 European Lunar Symposium.
Lunar Spacecraft Architecture
Lunar Surface Explorer: A Rover-Based Surveyor Suitable for Multiple Mission Scenarios(PDF) Presented at the 2005 LEAG Conference on Lunar Exploration, Houston, TX
Initiating the Surface Ops Phase of the Lunar Exploration Architecture with Robotic Landers and Rovers (PDF) Prepared for the 2007 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX
A Rover-based Strategy for the Robotic and Human Phases of the Lunar Exploration Initiative (PDF) Prepared for the NASA Advisory Council’s 2007 Workshop on Science Associated with the Lunar Exploration Architecture, Tempe, AZ
Reducing the Risk, Requirements, and Cost of the Human Exploration Phase of The Constellation Program with Robotic Landers and Rovers (PDF) Prepared for the 2007 Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) meeting, Houston, TX
Exploring the Lunar South Polar Region and Far Side with Human and Human-assisted Sample Return Missions (PDF) Presented at the 2014 European Lunar Symposium
Robotic Surface Elements of a Lunar Sample Return Mission Coordinated with Crew in an Orbiting Orion Vehicle (PDF) Presented at the 2015 European Lunar Symposium
Dr. David Kring, working with Joel Rademacher (then with General Dynamics) in 2004–2007, developed a lunar exploration architecture that utilized landers and rovers with common spacecraft buses. The result was the Lunar Reconnaissance Lander series that had global access to the lunar surface. Two specific point designs were Polar Express and the Heliopoint Lander. The lander could also deploy rovers, called Lunar Surface Explorers, with mission lifetimes ranging from 14 days (one lunar sunlit period) to months. A prototype of a Lunar Surface Explorer was tested at Arizona's Barringer Meteorite Crater (aka Meteor Crater). Additional details can be found in the adjacent documents.
Potential Exploration Mission (EM) Science & Exploration Objectives (PDF) Presented at the 2016 NASA Exploration Science Forum
Potential Exploration Mission Objectives for Crew on Orion (PDF) Presented at the 2016 Lunar Exploration Analysis Group meeting, Columbia, MD
Exploring the Solar System with an integrated human and robotic deep space program (PDF) Paper presented at NASA Headquarters for the Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop, 2017.
The Lunar Electric Rover (aka Space Exploration Vehicle) as a Geological Tool (PDF) Paper presented at the 2017 European Lunar Symposium
The Utility of a Small Pressurized Rover with Suit Ports for Lunar Exploration: A Geologist’s Perspective (PDF) Paper presented at the 2017 NASA Exploration Science Forum.
Link to rover suit port presentation on YouTube.
Science and Exploration at the Moon and Mars Enabled by Surface Telerobotics (PDF) Paper presented at the 2017 International Academy of Astronautics Symposium.
Conducting Subsurface Surveys for Water Ice using Ground Penetrating Radar and a Neutron Spectrometer on the Lunar Electric Rover (PDF) Paper presented at the 2017 Lunar Exploration Analysis Group meeting.
Accessing the Lunar Farside and Facilitating Human-assisted Sample Return with the Deep Space Gateway (PDF) Paper presented at the 2018 Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop, Denver, CO
Deep Space Gateway Support of Lunar Surface Ops and Tele-operational Transfer of Surface Assets to the Next Landing Site (PDF) Paper presented at the 2018 Deep Space Gateway Science Workshop, Denver, CO
Preparing for Lunar Surface Operations (PDF) Presented at the 2019 NASA Exploration Science Forum
Lunar South Pole Boulders and Boulder Tracks: Implications for Crew and Rover Traverses (PDF) Presented at the 2019 NASA Exploration Science Forum
Conducting Subsurface Surveys with a Crew Rover to Address Both Scientific and ISRU Objectives (PDF) Prepared for the 2020 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
A Geologist's Perspective of Lunar Surface Operations with Small Pressurized Rovers (PDF) Prepared for the 2020 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
Lunar Mobility Strategies, Trade Studies, and Mission Simulations (PDF) Presented at the 2020 Lunar Surface Science Workshop.
The oldest and largest impact basin on the Moon is nearly 2,500 kilometers in diameter and stretches from the South Pole to a tiny crater called Aitken. This South Pole-Aitken basin (also called SPA basin) is one of the leading targets for human and human-assisted robotic exploration. A particularly rich scientific and exploration target within that basin is the Schrödinger basin, about 320 kilometers in diameter, and located towards the south polar end of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
A video and soundtrackhas been generated to illustrate the mission elements of a farside sample return mission. This video contains the Orion vehicle, which is the spacecraft that will carry astronauts to the Moon, and a robotic rover that can collect samples for return to Earth. It also illustrates the orbit of the Orion vehicle and the rendezvous that occurs between the Orion vehicle and a robotic ascent vehicle with lunar surface samples. Scenes in the video are based on a published study of a robotic rover's traverse to collect samples in the Schrödinger basin (Potts et al., 2015, Advances in Space Research, v. 55, pp. 1241-1254) and a published study of the Orion's orbit along with the communication that occurs between the Orion vehicle, the robotic asset, and Earth (Pratt et al., 2014, International Astronautical Congress paper IAC-14-A5.1.7, 18 pages). This flyover was produced by Dr. David A. Kring. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera data was assembled and rendered by Dr. Debra M. Hurwitz. Modeling and animation were implemented by John Blackwell. The music on the sound track is Darkest Night by Pond5 and used with permission.
To download a high-definition version click here.
Mission Concepts, Landing Sites, and Traverse Planning
2012 D. A. Kring and D. D. Durda (eds.) A Global Lunar Landing Site Study to Provide the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon, LPI Contribution No. 1694, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, 688 p.
2012 J. Flahaut, J.-F. Blanchette-Guertin, C. E. Jilly, P. Sharma, A. L. Souchon, W. van Westrenen, and D. A. Kring, “Identification and characterization of science-rich landing sites for lunar lander missions using integrated remote sensing observations,” Advances in Space Research 50, pp. 1647–1665.
2013 J.O. Burns, D.A. Kring, J.B. Hopkins, S. Norris, T.J.W. Lazio, and J. Kasper, “A lunar L2-farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover,” J. Advances in Space Research 52, pp. 306–320.
2014 M. Lemelin, D. M. Blair, C. E. Roberts, K. D. Runyon, D. Nowka, and D. A. Kring, “High-priority lunar landing sites for in situ and sample return studies of polar volatiles,” Planetary and Space Science 101, 149–161.
2015 N. J. Potts, A. L. Gullikson, N. M. Curran, J. K. Dhaliwal, M. K. Leader, R. N. Rege, K. K. Klaus, and D. A. Kring, “Robotic traverse and sample return strategies for a lunar farside mission to the Schrödinger basin,” Advances in Space Research 55, 1241–1254.
2016 E. S. Steenstra, D. J. P. Martin, F. E. McDonald, S. Paisarnsombat, C. Venturino, S. O’Hara, A. Calzada-Diaz, S. Bottoms, M. K. Leader, K. K. Klaus, W. van Westrenen, D. H. Needham, and D. A. Kring, “Analyses of Robotic Traverses and Sample Sites in the Schrödinger basin for the HERACLES Human-Assisted Sample Return Mission Concept,” J. Advances in Space Research 58, pp. 1050–1065.
2019 E. J. Allender, C. Orgel, N. V. Almeida, J. Cook, J. J. Ende, O. Kamps, S. Mazrouei, T. J. Slezak, A-J. Soini, and D. A. Kring, “Traverses for the ISECG-GER design reference mission for humans on the lunar surface,” Advances in Space Research 63, 692–727.
2019 J. O. Burns, B. Mellinkoff, M. Spydell, T. Fong, D. A. Kring, W. D. Pratt, T. Cichan, and C. M. Edwards, “Science on the lunar surface facilitated by low latency telerobotics from a Lunar Orbiting Platform-Gateway,” Acta Astronautica 154, 195–203.
2019 V. T. Bickel, C. I. Honniball, S. N. Martinez, A. Rogaski, H. M. Sargeant, S. K. Bell, E. C. Czaplinski, B. E. Farrant, E. M. Harrington, G. D. Tolometti, and D. A. Kring, “Analysis of lunar boulder tracks: Implications for trafficability of pyroclastic deposits,” J. Geophysical Research - Planets 124, 1296–1314.
2020 H. M. Sargeant, V. T. Bickel, C. I. Honniball, S. N. Martinez, A. Rogaski, S. K. Bell, E. C. Czaplinski, B. E. Farrant, E. M. Harrington, G. D. Tolometti, and D. A. Kring, “Using Boulder Tracks as a Tool to Understand the Bearing Capacity of Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Moon,” Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets 125, 14p., e2019JE006157. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE006157.
2020 V. Bickel and D. A. Kring, “Lunar South Pole Boulders and Boulder Tracks: Implications for Crew and Rover Traverses,” Icarus 348, 17p., 113850, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113850.
2020 A. J. Gawronska, N. Barrett, S. J. Boazman, C. M. Gilmour, S. H. Halim, Harish, K. McCanaan, A. V. Satyakumar, J. Shah, H. M. Meyer, and D. A. Kring, “Geologic context and potential EVA targets at the lunar south pole,” Advances in Space Research 66, 1247–1264.
2021 S. H. Halim, N. Barrett, S. J. Boazman, A. J. Gawronska, C. M. Gilmour, Harish, K. McCanaan, A. V. Satyakumar, J. Shah, and D. A. Kring, “Numerical modeling of the formation of Shackleton crater at the lunar south pole,” Icarus 354, 9p., 113992 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113992.
Precursor Research: Was there a Lunar Cataclysm 3.9 – 4.0 Billion Years Ago?
2000 D. A. Kring, “Impact events and their effect on the origin, evolution, and distribution of life,” GSA Today 10, no. 8, pp. 1–7. Invited paper.
2000 B. A. Cohen, T. D. Swindle, and D. A. Kring, “Lunar meteorites support the lunar cataclysm hypothesis,” Science 290, pp. 1754–1756.
2002 D. A. Kring and B. A. Cohen, “Cataclysmic bombardment throughout the inner solar system 3.9-4.0 Ga, J. Geophys. Res. 107(E2), pp. 4-1 to 4–6, 10.1029/2001JE001529.
2002 I. J. Daubar, D. A. Kring, T. D. Swindle, and A. J. T. Jull, "Northwest Africa 482: A crystalline impact melt breccia from the lunar highlands," Meteoritics and Planetary Science 37, pp. 1797–1813, 2002.
2003 D. A. Kring, "Environmental consequences of impact cratering events as a function of ambient conditions on Earth," Astrobiology 3(1), pp. 133–152, 2003. Invited paper.
2004 H. Campins, T. D. Swindle, and D. A. Kring, "Evaluating comets as a source of Earth's water," in Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Environments, volume 6, Origins: Genesis, Evolution and Diversity of Life, J. Seckbach (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 569–591. Invited paper.
2005 B. A. Cohen, T. D. Swindle, and D. A. Kring, “Geochemistry and Ar-40-Ar-39 geochronology of impact melt clasts in lunar highlands meteorites: Implications for lunar bombardment history,” Meteoritics and Planetary Science 40, pp. 755–777.
2005 R.G. Strom, R. Maholtra, T. Ito, F. Yoshida, and D .A. Kring,, “The origin of planetary impactors in the inner solar system,” Science 309, pp. 1847–1850.
2008 I.S. Puchtel, R.J. Walker, O.B. James, and D.A. Kring, “Osmium isotope and highly siderophile element systematics of lunar impact melt breccias: Implications for the late accretion history of the Moon and Earth,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, pp. 3022–3042.
2011 K. H. Joy, D. A. Kring, D. D. Bogard, D. S. McKay, and M. E. Zolensky, “Re-examination of the formation ages of the Apollo 16 regolith breccias,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, pp. 7208–7225.
2012 S. Marchi, W. F. Bottke, D. A. Kring, and A. Morbidelli, “The onset of the lunar cataclysm as recorded in its ancient crater populations,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 325–326, pp. 27–38.
2012 K. H. Joy, M. E. Zolensky, K. Nagashima, G. R. Huss, D. K. Ross, D. S. McKay, and D. A. Kring, “Direct detection of projectile relics from the end of the lunar basin-forming epoch,” Science 336, pp. 1426–1429.
2012 A. Morbidelli, S. Marchi, W. F. Bottke, and D.A. Kring, “A sawtooth-like timeline for the first billion years of lunar bombardment,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 355-356, pp. 144–151.
2013 S. Marchi, W. F. Bottke, B. A. Cohen, K. Wünnemann, D. A. Kring, H. Y. McSween, M. C. De Sanctis, D. P. O’Brien, P. Schenk, C. A. Raymond, and C. T. Russell, “High-velocity collisions from the lunar cataclysm recorded in asteroidal meteorites,” Nature Geosciences 6, 303–307.
Background Briefings
Field and Sample Guidebook to Apollo Impact Melt Breccias
Lunar Soil Physical Properties
Lunar Crater Slopes and Surface Roughness
Cinder Lake Crater Fields, Arizona: Lunar Analogue Test Site
Colton Crater Lunar Analogue Training Site
Shackleton and Malapert Traverse Science Objectives
Expanding the Black Point Lava Flow Test Site to the West
(Plan implemented for the 2010 Desert Research and Technology Studies lunar mission simulation)
Potential Near-Earth Asteroid Test Sites within the Black Point Lava Flow Test Area
(Plan implemented for the 2011 Desert Research and Technology Studies NEO mission simulation)
Lunar Electric Rover (LER) and Crew Activities, Black Point Lava Flow
Scale of Near-Earth Asteroids: A Rocky Mountain Perspective
Impact Air Blasts Produced by Near-Earth Asteroids
EVA Capability from Lunar Surface Rovers - An Initial Assessment of an ISECG Architecture
Lunar Maps
2019 J. D. Stopar and D. A. Kring, Lunar South Pole Atlas, Lunar and Planetary Institute.
K. McCanaan, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, Harish, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Topographic Contour Map of the Moon’s South Pole Ridge. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution # 2213, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1326.
K. McCanaan, V. S. Kumar Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, Harish, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole Ridge. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2214, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1327.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map between Shackleton and de Gerlache Craters, Lunar South Pole, Map 1. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2227, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11753/1360.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map between Shackleton and de Gerlache Craters, Lunar South Pole, Map 2. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2228, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11753/1361.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole), Map 1. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2229, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1366.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole), Map 2. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2230, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1367.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2019) Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole), Map 3. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2239, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1382.
Harish, V. S. K. Animireddi, N. Barrett, S. Boazman, A. Gawronska, C. Gilmour, S. Halim, K. McCanaan, J. Shah, and D. Kring (2020) Slope Map between Shackleton and de Gerlache Craters, Lunar South Pole, Map 3. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution #2324, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11753/1441.
E. J. Allender, C. Orgel, N. V. Almeida, J. Cook, J. J. Ende, O. Kamps, S. Mazrouei, T. J. Slezak, A.-J. Soini, and D. A. Kring (2020) The Shaded Relief Geological Map of the South Polar Region. LPI Lunar South Pole Atlas, LPI Contribution No. 2566, https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1720.
While mapping the Artemis exploration zone, Dr. Kring and his team encountered several unnamed impact craters. To facilitate scientific discussion and mission planning, three of those craters were assigned names that were approved by the International Astronomical Union’s Task Group for Lunar Nomenclature. Henson crater is named after Dr. Matthew Henson, a polar explorer who, with Richard Peary, was the first documented team to reach the Earth’s north pole. Marvin crater is named after Dr. Ursula B. Marvin, an Antarctic explorer who was also one of the original Apollo 11 sample analysts, described the first lunar meteorite from the Moon, and had innumerable other accomplishments. Stose crater is named after Dr. Anna Jonas Stose, a pioneering American geologist who conducted field geology studies throughout the Appalachian Mountains in the early 1900s.
Links to Related Publications
Impact Events and Their Effect on the Origin, Evolution, and Distribution of Life
Testing the Lunar Cataclysm Hypothesis
The Impact-Origin of Life Hypothesis
Catalog of Apollo Lunar Surface Geological Sampling Tools and Containers
Catalog of Apollo Experiment Operations
Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 14 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 15 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report
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