Annual Meeting of the Lunar
Exploration Analysis Group
September
14-16, 2020
Program
All times are Eastern Daylight Time
(EDT)
Monday, September 14, 2020
WELCOME ADDRESS AND COMMUNITY UPDATES FROM NASA HQ
10:30 a.m.
Chairs: Samuel Lawrence and
Amy Fagan
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Title
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Recordings
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10:30 a.m.
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Lawrence
S. Fagan A.L. *
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Welcome Address
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Recording
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10:40 a.m.
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Bridenstine J. *
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Opening Remarks and Q&A
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Recording
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11:10 a.m.
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Smith
M. * Werkheiser
N. * Glaze L. *
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Flipped
Panel Community Updates from HEOMD, STMD, and PSD
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Recording
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12:10 p.m.
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BREAK
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Monday, September 14, 2020
ARTEMIS PROGRAM UPDATES
12:25 p.m.
Chairs: Benjamin Greenhagen
and Zachary Morse
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Title
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12:25 p.m.
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Noble
S. *
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Lunar
Discovery and Exploration Program and Planetary Science for the
Moon Updates
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Recording
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12:40 p.m.
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Petro A. *
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LunaNet-A
Flexible and Extensible Lunar Exploration Communication and
Navigation Infrastructure
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Recording
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12:55 p.m.
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Bailey
B. *
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Artemis
Science Goals and Objectives
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Recording
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1:10 p.m.
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Bleacher J *
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HEO Architecture to Accomplish Artemis Objectives
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Recording
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1:25 p.m.
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Community
Discussion Time
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1:40 p.m.
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BREAK
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Monday, September 14, 2020
FUTURE MOON: DECADAL
SURVEY UPDATES
2:00 p.m.
Chairs: Kerri Donaldson Hanna and
Seiichi Nagihara
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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2:00 p.m.
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Canup R. *
Christensen P. *
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Decadal
Process Update
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Recording
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2:15 p.m.
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Lawrence S
Fagan A. L.
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Update from the Moon and Mercury Panel
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Recording
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2:30 p.m.
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Community Q&A
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Monday, September 14, 2020
ARTEMIS III SCIENCE DEFINITION TEAM TOWN HALL
2:40 p.m.
Chair: Amy Fagan
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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2:40 p.m.
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Weber
R.*
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Artemis
III Science Definition Team Update and Community Q&A
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Recording
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Monday, September 14, 2020
LIGHTNING ROUND TALKS:
RESPONSES TO THE PAYLOADS AND RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS ON THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON (PRISM) REQUEST
3:40 p.m.
Chair: Kelsey Young
One-minute descriptions of posters presented on PRISM
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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3:40 p.m.
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Lightning Talks
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4:00 p.m.
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BREAK
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POSTERS: RESPONSES TO THE PAYLOADS AND RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS
ON THE SURFACE OF THE MOON (PRISM) REQUEST
4:15–5:30 p.m.
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Authors (*Denotes
Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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Glotch T. G. Cahill J. T. Greenhagen B. T. Lawrence D. J. Peplowski P. N.
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Granite: An Infrared and Gamma Ray Instrument Suite
to Investigate Silicic Compositions at Aristarchus [#5018]
The Aristarchus region is an ideal
target with numerous silicic features. Surface hyperspectral thermal infrared
imagery and gamma ray and neutron spectroscopy at a silicic site provides the
best opportunity to tightly constrain the mineralogy of lunar silicic
compositions, which are rare in the Apollo sample collection. While a static
lander might also make direct measurements of Aristarchus pyroclastic
materials, which are also of scientific interest, mobility significantly
enhances the potential science return. We propose a two-instrument payload at
TRL 5 with a combined mass of 11.8 kg and continuous power usage of 13 W. The
Compact Hyperspectral Infrared Lunar Imager (CHILI) would provide bulk
silicate mineralogy of the landing site over the 5.5–14 µm range. The Gamma
Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) would provide major and trace element
abundances and water equivalent hydrogen content of the landing site.
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Donaldson Hanna K. L. Osterman D. Dove A. R. Hayne P. O. Schindhelm R. N. Sunshine J. M. Yingst R. A.
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Lunar Vista: A Spectral Imaging Suite for Surface
Science and Exploration [#5010]
Lunar
Vista addresses NASA’s strategic plan of lunar exploration with a suite of
instruments covering visible through thermal IR wavelengths (~0.4–14.4 μm). Lunar Vista is capable of making panoramic maps
of any landing site using three high heritage, multispectral
instruments: (1) VIC, a multispectral
visible to near IR camera capable of making polarized observations, (2)
SWIPS, a short-wave IR multispectral system capable of mapping volatiles
using the 3 μm feature, and (3) TIIR, a
multispectral thermal IR radiometer capable of mapping compositional and
thermophysical properties. Lunar Vista’s panoramic maps would address key
science and exploration goals including understanding: (A) The formation and evolution of the
Moon’s crust; (B) How surface roughness produces small-scale cold traps; (C)
The dust environment at the lunar surface; and (D) The composition,
distribution, and cycles of volatiles.
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Fraeman A. A. Haag J. M. Gibson M. S. Chen W. McKinley I. M. Bender H. A. Thompson D. R. Mouroulis P. Green R. O. Ehlmann B. L. Blaney D. L.
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An Ultra-Compact Imaging
Spectrometer for the Moon [#5017]
The Ultra-Compact Imaging Spectrometer
for the Moon (UCIS-Moon) is a short wavelength imaging spectrometer that
collects reflectance spectra between 600–3600 nm at a spatial resolution from
centimeters to meters. Data from this instrument will provide information
about the composition of the lunar surface by measuring diagnostic
absorptions associated with common lunar minerals, organic compounds, and
volatiles that include OH species, molecular H2O, and water ice.
UCIS-Moon measurements will address key science questions about the
abundance, sources, and sinks of lunar volatiles and provide important
information about in situ resources for future exploration. In addition to
volatiles, UCIS-Moon will be able to map the mineralogical composition and
associated geologic context of the lunar surface. The instrument is currently
being matured for inclusion on a future Commercial Lunar lander or rover
through the NASA Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation
(DALI) program.
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Haviland H. Bertone P. Christl M. Caffrey J. Apple J.
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Neutron Measurements at the
Lunar Surface [#5039]
Neutron
measurements at the lunar surface are performed with two goals: characterization of the radiation
environment and inference of regolith composition. This submission is focused
on quantifying the surface radiation environment to inform mission design and
risk mitigation prior to crewed lunar missions. The lunar surface radiation
environment includes a unique neutron contribution. MSFC’s Advanced Neutron
Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Measurements instrument covers the most
biologically significant energies from thermal to ~20 MeV. The ANS-LSM is
based on heritage from the Fast Neutron Spectrometer that has measured the
ISS crew neutron exposure for the past 3 years and revealed the significant
neutron contribution to total exposure. The relative contribution from
neutrons will increase outside the shielding effects of Earth’s magnetic
field. To evaluate the radiation risk to astronauts at the lunar surface,
precursor fast neutron measurements are needed.
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Sellar R. G. Donaldson Hanna K. Kerber L. A. McKinley I. M. Wong A. F.
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Multispectral
Microscopic Imager for Lunar Science and Exploration [#5045]
The Multispectral Microscopic Imager
(MMI) combines the close-up view of a microscope with the compositional
information obtained from measurements of visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR)
reflectance from each individual pixel in the image, making it useful for
scientific, engineering, and ISRU applications. MMI combines the best
features of a hand lens and a petrographic microscope: it provides particle size distributions, microtextures, and spatially-correlated mineralogy for
minimally-prepared and unprepared samples, making it suitable for use on
planetary landers and rovers, including Commercial Lunar Payload Services
(CLPS) missions. The current MMI is a TRL 4 breadboard instrument with
spatial sampling of 62.5 µm/pixel and a spectral range of 0.47–1.65 µm. A
lunar version would have a spatial sampling of < 20 μm
(customizable) and extended spectral range to 2.25 µm, allowing it to
spectrally distinguish all major lunar mineral phases present, even at the
subpixel level.
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Bell M. M. Curlin P. S.
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Construction of Lunar Radio Astronomy
Telescopes Leveraging Low-Latency VR/AR Teleoperation [#5036]
Sustainable
lunar presence creates a platform for low-latency robotic operations on the
lunar surface. FARSIDE, developed by a NASA-funded mission concept study,
would place a low radio frequency interferometric array on the farside of the Moon. This mission requires a
collaboratively controlled rover to deploy antenna nodes from the lander onto
the lunar surface. Leveraging stereo imaging capabilities, we intend to
create VR/AR interfaces for both teleoperation and simulated failure
recovery. By developing our virtual recovery sandbox, we can create a virtual
space representative of the rover’s current state and environment. This
provides the ability to troubleshoot problems as if the operator were next to
the rover itself. We can then compare our models with traditional control and
failure recovery methods. These developments aim to provide a platform for low-latency teleoperated failure recovery, with the focal
point on construction of lunar telescopes.
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Menon M. S.
Walker M. Koris D. Szafir D.
Burns J.
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URSSA: A Simulator for Lunar Surface Telerobotics Research [#5040]
NASA has announced the Artemis and
Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiatives as part of its lunar
exploration strategy. Robots are critical enablers for these initiatives.
They help explore environments hostile to humans and aid in different mission
activities. One principal challenge in designing such systems for surface telerobotics involves testing semi-autonomous agents for
robust performance in planetary environments. We address this issue by
developing URSSA (Unity-ROS Simulator for Space Applications), a simulation
framework for planetary surface telerobotics. In
this work, we describe how URSSA renders a simulated lunar environment using
the Unity game engine. We explain how it integrates with Robotic Operating
System (ROS) to simulate and test robot performance (data collection,
decision-making, etc.). Leveraging a modular framework like URSSA alongside
mission analogues can aid in the development of robotic space exploration systems.
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Zacny K. Chu P. Vendiola V. Quinn J. Kleinhenz J.
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TRIDENT (The Regolith and Ice Drill for
Exploring New Terrain) for VIPER Rover [#5005]
The
goal of the VIPER mission is to capture and identify volatile species within
the top one meter of the lunar surface. The TRIDENT drill has been designed
to generate cuttings and place them on the surface for analysis by the Near
InfraRed Volatiles Spectrometer Subsystem (NIRVSS) and Mass Spectrometer
observing lunar operations (MSolo).
The
drill is based on the TRL4 Mars Icebreaker drill and TRL5 LITA drill
developed for capturing samples of ice and ice cemented ground on Mars and
represents over a decade of technology development effort funded by NASA.
To
reduce sample handling complexity, the drill auger is designed to capture
cuttings as opposed to cores. The drill uses a “bite” sampling approach where
samples are captured in ~10 cm depth intervals all the way to 1 m depth. This
allows for stratigraphy to be maintained while reducing drilling power
and forces.
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Kinnersley M. A.
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Regolith to Oxygen
(ROXY) and Metal Conversion Lunar Demonstrator [#5052]
AIRBUS US and its US academic partners
from Boston U. and U. Massachusetts, world leading researchers in the field
of electrochemical reduction of metal oxides by molten salt electrolysis,
propose an end-to-end lunar demonstration of regolith to oxygen (ROXY) and
metal conversion technology. The core of the ROXY technology is based on
electrochemical reduction by molten salt electrolysis. AIRBUS US feels this
proposal for a Regolith to Oxygen and Metal Conversion demonstrator is an
excellent fit to the scientific goals and objectives of NASA to enable
sustainable lunar exploration. The demonstrator is also a robust sturdy
design, is self-contained with modest demands on the lander and its landing
site and can achieve its objectives within one lunar day. Future applications
of this technology can easily be scaled to a future lunar-based pilot plant
for oxygen and metal conversion, and some aspects can be applied usefully to
terrestrial applications e.g. for rare-earth metal extraction.
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McCormick R. L. Kerber L. A. Dillon R. P. Fleischner R. E. Levanas G. C. Hagman M. J.
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Cold Operable Lunar Deployable Arm (COLDArm) [#5020]
The
Cold Operable Lunar Deployable Arm (COLDArm)
payload would significantly improve the utility for lunar landers by
providing manipulation capabilities below 100 K, including during the lunar
day and night. Similar to Phoenix or InSight, the arm could be used to collect samples for
on-board instruments, deploy instruments, provide lander engineering
information with an arm mounted camera, or utilize arm mounted instruments
for scientific or ISRU data. COLDArm provides a
practical way for a wide variety of CLPS payload elements to reach the
surface in the near term, while demonstrating technologies to enable missions
to future lunar and Ocean Worlds extreme environments. COLDArm
is currently under development in a partnership with Motiv
Space Systems. This payload is currently being developed to TRL 6 through the
Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative (LSII), managed by STMD Game Changing
Development (GCD).
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Standley I. Panning M. P. Pike W. T. Calcutt S. Kedar S. Nunn C. Brent Blaes M. Walsh W. Badalian M. Liu J.
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The Lunar
Seismic Package [#5026]
The Lunar Seismic Package (LSP) evolved
from the InSight Short Period (SP) seismic sensor
and Back End Electronics (BEE) jointly developed by the team. Using
commercial landers, LSP will return seismic data using an on-deck deployment,
characterizing lander noise, and evaluating the need for robotic surface
emplacement. The SP derived Lunar optimized Sensor Head uses an orientation
independent set of Triaxial micromachined silicon sensors and associated front-end
electronics. It fits in a 5cm cube and is resistant to pyrotechnic shock and
vibration (>30 g rms). The Feedback Electronics provides the force
feed-back system. The BEE digitizes the seismic signals, provides calibration
and control, stores seismic data, and interfaces to the lander C&DH.
Developed as part of an ICEE-2 program for Europa with a test system
available in March 2021, this provides a high TRL path. Flight delivery will
be overseen by JPL with engineering, qualification and flight models delivered
by Kinemetrics.
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Mazarico E. Barker M. K. Saxena P. Cremons D. R. Viswanathan V. Sun X.
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Dynamics, Dust and Regolith Environment,
‘Earth as an Exoplanet’, and Exploration from the Moon Surface (DDRE4MS) [#5044]
DDRE4MS
is a PRISM-compatible, high-TRL suite that will address multi-disciplinary
goals by placing geodetic and remote sensing instruments on the lunar
surface. We will conduct spectro-photometric
surveys to characterize regolith properties, provide ground truth to orbital
observations, and characterize the near-surface dust environment. We will
conduct geodetic observations to further constrain the lunar interior, with a
retro-reflector array (for Lunar Laser Ranging) and a laser transponder.
Imaging of the Earth with high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions is
crucial to understand the variations with time and phase of its spectral
signatures, a prerequisite to identifying and characterizing habitable exoworlds. Additional capabilities (lidar and lasercom) can support the lander and
other instruments.
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Blewett D. T.
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A PRISM Instrument Suite
for a Magnetic Anomaly Landing Site [#5003]
NASA has announced that a CLPS lander
will be targeted to the Reiner Gamma swirl in 2023. Swirls are
high-reflectance markings that overprint topography and can extend for
hundreds of kilometers across highland or mare terrain. Remote-sensing data
have contributed to knowledge of swirls, but a full explanation of their
origin remains elusive. Hypotheses include impact of cometary material,
atypical space weathering, and unusual behavior of levitated dust. The latter
two mechanisms invoke the magnetic fields (anomalies) that are present at all
swirls. The origin of magnetic anomalies is a separate unsolved mystery. A surface
mission to one of these unique natural laboratories would provide key data
for testing hypotheses for the origin of swirls and for the origin of
magnetic anomalies. We will discuss options for a suite of instruments on
such a landed mission.
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Eubanks T. M. Radley C. F. Blase W. P.
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Exploring the Reiner Gamma Swirl Region
and the Schrödinger Basin with “Mote” Ballistic Penetrators [#5046]
Space
Initiatives developed Motes for the rapid deployment of instrument arrays on
the lunar surface, allowing for scientific missions in difficult to reach
terrain. After deployment, up to 16 Motes would fall ballistically, impacting
at ~300 m/s, penetrating ~1 meter, and implanting instruments over ~1 km on
the lunar surface.
The
planned CLPS landings in Reiner Gamma and the Schrödinger Basin show the
potential for lunar penetrator research. In a swirl region, magnetometers and
other sensors could be deployed in swirl boundaries, to determine the role of
the solar wind in creating the swirls. The Permanently Shadowed Region in Nefed’ev Crater is next to the Schrödinger Basin; a
deployment there would provide compositional and geotechnical data on the icy
subsurface PSR material.
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Glotch T. D. Martin T. Crain T. Burgess K. D. Stroud R. M.
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Mineralogy Experiment in
a Lunar Extreme Environment (MELEE) [#5041]
Space weathering is a fundamental
process that occurs on airless bodies, driven primarily by solar wind
sputtering and micrometeoroid bombardment. Remote sensing measurements of
lunar swirls and laboratory space weathering simulations appear to point to
different major contributors to space weathering, suggesting that our
understanding of the fundamental processes is limited. Pure mineral standards
exposed for an extended time to the lunar environment may shed new light on
space weathering processes and disambiguate the relative contributions of
solar wind and micrometeoroid bombardment. As such, we propose the Mineralogy
Experiment in a Lunar Extreme Environment (MELEE). Incorporation of this
simple experiment on a south polar mission will allow up to 3-4 months of
spectral measurements before mission end. The experiment will be designed to
be easily removed during a future robotic or human mission for return to
Earth for detailed laboratory analyses.
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Nagihara S. Grimm R. E.
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A Proposal for Heat Flow Measurement and Magnetotelluric Sounding in Mare Imbrium [#5007]
The Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) has a higher proportion
of radionuclides near the surface than elsewhere on the Moon. It has been
debated, however, whether these incompatible elements were efficiently
partitioned into the crust or whether the uppermost mantle also remained
enriched. The style of partitioning is important to understanding the Moon’s
thermal evolution. A CLPS mission is tentatively targeted to Mare Crisium, which will reveal the thermal structure of the
Moon away from PKT. We propose heat flow and magnetotelluric
(MT) measurements in Mare Imbrium to further our
understanding of PKT. MT produces an electrical-conductivity profile that is
sensitive to temperature and composition; heat flow allows these effects to
be separated. Because crustal radionuclide concentration is less in Mare Imbrium than the rest of PKT (likely due to excavation of
the basin), it is a thermal window to the mantle that will enable us to infer
the deep extent of KREEP.
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Greenhagen B. T. Stickle A. M. Blewett D. T. Bowles N. E. Costello E. S. Cahill J. T. Denevi B. W. Ghent R. R. Goldbert A. C. Hayne P. O. Johnson J. R. Nunez J. I. Powell T. M. Prem P. Runyon K. D. Williams J.-P.
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Exploring the Youngest
Observed Regions on the Moon (EYOR) [#5042]
This investigation seeks to study the
youngest regions on the Moon – those forming before our very eyes – to answer
fundamental, yet poorly understood, processes associated with impact
cratering and regolith formation. Our target is the largest of several recent
impact craters that has LRO observations both before and after formation.
This 73-m diameter crater is located in Mare Humorum on the lunar nearside and formed in October 2012;
it is the youngest known crater of its size in the solar system. In addition,
the impact event created a thermophysical “cold spot,” an anomaly in the
surrounding regolith that extends to 50–100 crater radii. Cold spots have
emerged as a fundamentally important class of impact cratering phenomena, due
to their widespread prevalence on the Moon and their young ages (< 1 Myr old). This site provides an exceptional opportunity
to characterize fresh regolith that has remained essentially untouched by the
surface processes that degrade cold spots over time.
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Dempsey B. P. Rafa K. W. Nie C. W.
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A Micro-Radioisotope Thermoelectric
Generator for Lunar Exploration [#5047]
Lockheed
Martin (LM) is proving and maturing a small radioisotope thermoelectric
generator (RTG) based on an isotope with less handling and launch approval
problems than legacy systems. The RTG generates approximately 100 mW electrical power and 2W of thermal waste heat. Not
only does this technology provide continuous electrical power, but it
generates thermal energy which can be utilized to reduce the need for
dedicated survival heaters. LM has matured the device to TRL 4 by doing lab
testing on the electrically heated devise. For the initial demonstration
flight, the mission would be able to use these small heater and power sources
to potentially allow the lander or a small science package on the lander to
survive the lunar night.
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Sommers M.
May L. D. Nie C. W.
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A Deep Space Rated WiFi Hub for Lunar Exploration [#5049]
Lockheed Martin proposes an Orion
heritage WiFi to enable intercommunication between
distributed payloads on the lunar surface. Lunar landers will carry various
science packages, sensors, and small rovers to explore the surface. To
facilitate the control and relay of data from each of these assets use of a
local area network, or WiFi, around the lander as a
hub provides advantages. The NASA/LM-developed video architecture for the
Orion spacecraft uses a camera controller that provides wireless connectivity
using the IEEE 802.11n and 802.11ad standards to communicate with and stream
data from multiple cameras. We propose to leverage the Orion Camera
Controller to develop a next-generation unit that evolves the controller into
a central WiFi hub that can be used on any
platform. This provides transfer speeds in excess of multiple Gbps and with a
range of approximately 350 feet.
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Walker M. E. Burns J. O. Szafir D. J.
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Virtual and Mixed Reality HMD Interfaces
for Lunar Surface Telerobotics [#5031]
Next
generation virtual and mixed reality (VMR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) are
positioned to reshape space exploration with surface robot navigation and
assembly teleoperation missions mediated by VMR HMD interfaces. These
stereoscopic interfaces allow operators to embody remote robots and see
through an egocentric perspective as if they themselves were at the robot’s
location. Additionally, VMR HMD interfaces allow for 3D reconstructions of
distant robot environments, providing users an exocentric perspective and the
ability to freely inspect and explore the robot setting from viewpoints not
restricted to that of the real robots. In our work, we will explore the
unification of both exocentric and egocentric perspectives in a single VMR
HMD interface to examine overall teleoperation effectiveness and identify
optimal use cases for both perspectives. Additionally, we will examine how
VMR interfaces can facilitate group collaboration for teleoperation planning
and live missions.
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Tuesday, September 15, 2020
WELCOME ADDRESS AND LEAG STEPS TOWARDS EQUITY, DIVERSITY,
AND INCLUSION
11:00 a.m.
Chair: Sarah Valencia
BACK TO TOP
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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11:00 a.m.
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Valencia,
S. *
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Welcome Address
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11:05 a.m.
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Bennett K. *
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Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in LEAG
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Tuesday, September 15, 2020
FUTURE MOON: ARTEMIS
AND PARTNERSHIPS UPDATES
11:20 a.m.
Chairs: Noah Petro and Adrienne Dove
BACK TO TOP
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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11:20 a.m.
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Gold
M. *
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Artemis Accords
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Recording
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11:35 a.m.
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Community Q&A
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11:45 a.m.
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Speakers
Representing JAXA, ESA, KPLO, ISRO, ASA, and CSA
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Updates
from International Partners
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12:45 p.m.
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Community Q&A
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12:55 p.m.
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BREAK
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Tuesday, September 15, 2020
LUNAR SURFACE SCIENCE WORKSHOP OUTBRIEFS AND BREAKOUT
DISCUSSIONS
1:10 p.m.
Chairs: Clive Neal and Brett Denevi
BACK TO TOP
Tuesday, September 15, 2020
COMMERCIAL PARTNERSHIPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
3:25–5:10 p.m.
Chair: David Blewett
BACK TO TOP
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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3:25 p.m.
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Frank
E. *
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The
Commercial Advisory Board Plus Commercial Partner Breakout
Room Introduction
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Recording
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3:40 p.m.
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Breakout Sessions for Commercial Companies
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Wednesday, September 16, 2020
WELCOME ADDRESS AND COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS
11:00 a.m.
Chairs: Erica Jawin and Timothy Glotch
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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11:00 a.m.
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Jawin,
E. *
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Welcome
Address and Introduction to Community Announcements
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Recording
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11:05 a.m.
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TBA
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Community Announcements and Updates
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Wednesday, September 16, 2020
TECHNOLOGY FOR A SUSTAINED LUNAR PRESENCE
11:35 a.m.
Chairs: Jose Hurtado and Kris Zacny
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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11:35 a.m.
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Klima
R *
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Lunar
Surface Innovation Consortium (LSIC)
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Recording
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11:50 a.m.
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Hibbits C. *
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In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) on the Moon
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Recording
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12:05 p.m.
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Colaprete A. *
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Volatiles
Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER)
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Recording
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12:20 p.m.
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Community Q&A and Discussion
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12:35 p.m.
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BREAK
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Wednesday, September 16, 2020
LIGHTNING ROUND TALKS:
THE VALUE OF SCIENCE AT THE ARTEMIS BASE CAMP
12:50 p.m.
Chair: Ryan Watkins
One-minute descriptions of posters regarding science that
can be achieved at the Artemis Base Camp
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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12:50 p.m.
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Lightning Talks
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POSTERS: THE VALUE OF SCIENCE AT THE ARTEMIS BASE CAMP
1:05–2:05 p.m.
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Authors (*Denotes
Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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Barker D. C.
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Can Science Sustain a
Human Lunar Presence? [#5015]
What scientific goals and disciplines are capable of engendering a secure and sustained
presence? To address these questions, a precise definition of the meaning of
sustainability is needed. This includes minimum productivity, population,
redundancy, financing and resource usage levels, in order to reduce costs
while retaining a worthwhile presence. ISS, and Antarctic and shipboard
research provide key analogues. Maximizing scientific return further defines
required staffing and analytical capabilities. Quantifying science and
facilities staffing define a transition point regarding minimum skill-sets needed to maintain a safe, sustainably
functioning facility. Thirty-five people are needed whereby scientific
specialization approaches an optimum. Engineering specialists would remain
multi-disciplined and cross trained, given a two-to-one science to facilities
staff ratio. Limited initial in situ resource development projections given
minimum 8–12 month cycles for logistics
and staffing.
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Hibbitts C. A.
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The Lunar Volatile Imager for the Poles
(VIP) Mapping Natural and Anthropogenic Polar Surface Volatiles at Artemis
Base Camp [#5043]
The
Lunar Volatile Imager for the Poles (VIP) would map the accumulation of
naturally occurring and anthropogenic water, organics, CO2, SO2,
and possibly other volatiles on the lunar surface in the vicinity of the
Artemis base camp. VIP is a variant of the MIMSI camera concept leveraging a
different filter selection covering the 2.5–6.5 μm
spectral range and a gimbal to enable a full 360o survey. The Lunar VIP would
map trace abundances and investigate their possible active accumulation by
observing changes over time in the vicinity of Artemis Base Camp in pristine
regolith and in ‘fresh’ regolith exposed by human activity with the goal of discerning
natural and anthropogenic processes. If placed in the vicinity of a PSR, VIP
can map cold-trapped surface volatiles and hypervolatiles,
over time, to improve our understanding of the volatile history of the Moon
and to investigate possible anthropogenic influence on the PSR.
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Narayanaswamy N.
Persad A. H.
Ward C. A.
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Experiments of Water
Adsorption onto Lunar Simulant Modeled Using the Zeta
Adsorption Isotherm [#5001]
Adsorption-desorption isotherms provide
one way of characterizing the capacity of the lunar surface to store water.
However, proper interpretation of adsorption isotherm data requires
equilibrium measurements and a physically accurate adsorption model. It is
therefore surprising that many adsorption isotherm studies of the Apollo samples
have not been performed under equilibrium conditions, were susceptible to
transient chemisorption effects (such as hydroxylation), and relied on an
isotherm model that had been known to lead to non-physical results (such as
the prediction of infinite vapor adsorption at saturation conditions). Here,
we use the Zeta Adsorption Isotherm (ZAI) model to characterize the
adsorption of water onto JSC-1 lunar simulant performed in a dynamic vapor
sorption chamber for over 4 months. The experiments reveal a picture of
water-regolith interaction different from that typically reported in the
literature, with implications for water ISRU technologies.
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Lolachi R. Stubbs T. J. Glenar D. A. Kolokolova L.
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Optical Monitoring of the Dust Environment
at Lunar Surface Exploration Sites [#5014]
Experience
from the Apollo missions showed that dust has the potential to be hazardous
as it can interfere with the operation of mechanical, thermal and optical
systems. Monitoring the local dust environment during surface activities by
measuring the overlying dust loading will be a priority for Artemis. An
effective method is to measure the intensity of sunlight scattered by the
dust. We present a precomputed grid of light scattering properties for
irregularly shaped grains (Richard et al., 2011), which are a more realistic
representation of lunar dust than the Mie models commonly employed. The grid
spans UV to near-IR wave-lengths and encompasses a
wide range of grain size. Scattering from smaller grains is computed using
the Discrete Dipole (DDA) method (DDASCAT) and at larger sizes using the Hapke equivalent slab method, with diffraction
superimposed. We find commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) camera hardware can be
used as a dust monitor.
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John K. K.
Garcia A. H.
Hobbs A. S.
Johansen M. R.
Hill J. J.
Brown G. J.
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Mitigating Dust to
Enable Long-Term Exploration [#5051]
Mitigating lunar dust is essential to
successful science investigations and operations on the surface of the
Moon. Artemis will utilize an
integrated dust mitigation strategy involving operational and architectural
approaches, as well as passive and active technologies. Dust mitigation is especially important
when considering sustained operations and human presence on the lunar
surface. Lunar dust does not know boundaries.
As various elements of the Artemis architecture interact with the
surface, lunar dust may be transferred between different assets, making it
critical for a cross-program dust mitigation approach. NASA engineers and scientists are coordinating
across various programs, projects, and vendors to ensure dust does not hinder
the objectives of different missions and systems. Managing lunar dust involves tolerating
dust exposure, detecting or monitoring dust, controlling the entry of dust
into various assets, and removing dust.
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Schubert P. J.
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Density Sorting of Regolith as
ISRU Precursor [#5004]
An
early step in the beneficiation of regolith minerals is sorting by density.
Crushing and sieving are needed to get a reasonably uniform particle size,
our starting point. Next, target grains sift off a platform to fall. A stream
of bullet beads, flying laterally out of a chute (into which they were
dropped), is directed at the fall. Momentum is transferred to the grains,
which are bounced in a lateral distribution, whereby lower-density particles
generally travel farthest. Target grains and bullet beads are collected in
bins. Bullet particles are separated (magnet or eddy or float) and reused. A
cascade, or repeat, of this process will concentrate specific minerals. This
precursor step is helpful to several important processes in ISRU (in situ
resource utilization). Calculations from a preliminary design will be
presented. A case study is made of the concentration of thorium-bearing
minerals. During fall semester 2020, a student team will build and test
a prototype.
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Bensi M. T. Banks M. E. Schleicher L. S. Schmerr N. C. Watters T. R. Weber R. C.
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Constructing a
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis to Assess Potential Hazards to an Artemis
Base Camp: Opportunities
and Challenges [#5050]
As NASA and other organizations look to
the Moon, it is important to understand hazards for structures and
instruments that will perform scientific missions and support astronaut
safety. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has been widely adopted
to assess the frequency and severity of ground motion (GM) on Earth and
inform engineering decisions. In this work, we integrate data from: (1) Apollo seismic stations, which recorded
GM data from 28 shallow moonquakes, (2) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
and mapping efforts, which provide new insights regarding fault locations and
surface geometry, (3) high-fidelity numerical models, which can generate
lunar seismic GM scenario shakemaps, and (4)
characterizations of shear wave velocities. These data now collectively offer
the components for a preliminary PSHA for the Moon. We detail our progress,
challenges, and describe insights relevant to hazard characterization and
knowledge gaps potentially addressable by future missions.
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Phipps P. H. Stubbs T. J. Looper M. D. Spence H. E.
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Variations in Radiation Exposure Near a
Simple Lunar Crater [#5035]
The
Moon has a harsh radiation environment that poses significant challenges to
future science and exploration activities. Exposure hazards from space
radiation are primarily due to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar
energetic particles (SEPs) that are incident at the lunar surface from all
directions. The level of exposure at a given location on the Moon is
dependent on the amount of space radiation incident from above the local
horizon. Here we consider the radiation exposure around simple lunar craters
that are representative of the types of landforms that will be encountered by
future landed missions. We use Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations to compute the
dose response for spherical targets composed of water and silicon, as proxies
for biological and electronic systems respectively, within aluminum shells.
These are important considerations when selecting sites for permanent
habitats, as well as for choosing routes and for contingency planning during
surface operations.
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Garcia C. G.
Osborne L. O.
Barnes D. B.
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Simple Robotic Sample
Return Vehicle [#5009]
CLPS missions provide exciting access
to the far reaches of the lunar surface on a semi-regular basis, however mass
and technology constraints limit the investigations that can be carried out
in-situ. By leveraging additive manufacturing and ultra-low temperature
propellants a highly integrated, low mass, return vehicle can be added to
CLPS missions as a ‘containerized’ payload to provide an exponential
multiplier to the science that can be accomplished on CLPS missions.
Developed under a Phase I SBIR, with TRL 4 propulsion systems, the vehicle
consists of a single printed component which includes the tanks, fluid lines,
propulsion system, and structural interfaces. A ballistic return capsule is
attached to the top of this component with provisions robotic manipulators to
install sample canisters. The reference mission can return 130g of sample
material from the lunar south pole with only 20kg of payload allocation on
the vehicle.
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Wednesday, September 16, 2020
THE VALUE OF SCIENCE AT THE ARTEMIS BASE CAMP
2:05 p.m.
Chairs: Lisa Gaddis and Renee Weber
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Times
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Authors (*Denotes Presenter)
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Abstract Title and Summary
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2:05 p.m.
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Papitashvili V. O.
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Science at Earth’s South Pole Station — What is Good to Know Planning
Science that Can be Achieved at Lunar South Pole
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Recording
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2:20 p.m.
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Head J. W. * Schmitt H. H. Borg L. E. Fassett C. I. Jolliff B. L. Neal C. R. Pieters C. M. Shearer C. K.
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Scientific Objectives
at an Artemis Base Camp (Non-Volatile Related) and Implementation Tools [#5038]
The
initial Artemis landings and Base Camp near the South Pole offer key
opportunities to address fundamental lunar & planetary science questions
that can be studied by careful human and robotic exploration and return of
targeted samples, selected and documented for analysis in Earth laboratories.
Primary ongoing issues include: Crustal Provinces: FHT, PKT, SPA; Outside Apollo-Luna zone;
nearside-farside (NS-FS) differences. Crustal
Stratigraphy: Layering, magma ocean
lateral heterogeneity, mantle access. Magmatism: NS-FS mare basalts, pyroclastics,
KREEP, silica-rich, Mg-suite. Magnetism:
Field history, magnitude. Chronology and Flux: Basins (e.g., SPA, Schrodinger, Orientale,
Mendel-Rydberg, Procellarum (?)); Craters and
cold-traps (e.g., Shackleton, Cabeus, Haworth,
Faustini, Shoemaker). Critical to addressing these questions would be an
Apollo-like rake with adjustable tines to gather thousands of
grape-walnut-apple-sized regional rock samples to complement local
boulder context.
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Recording
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2:35 p.m.
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Denevi B. W. * Robinson M. S.
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Key
Science Investigations of the Moon’s Polar Regolith [#5019]
Understanding the unique history of the
Moon’s south polar region, as well as larger questions about space
weathering, regolith mixing, and sample provenance, all benefit from detailed
characterization of the regolith. For space weathering, the polar location
will allow for sampling of regolith weathered in a region of reduced solar
wind flux, and analysis of those samples will reveal how the development of
nanophase iron and agglutinates differs in this environment. Examining the
basaltic and SPA-Terrane components of the regolith in this remote highlands location will provide new information on the
distal transport of material by impacts. Coring and trenching will enable a
look at the layering within the regolith due to individual impact events;
coupled with GPR, a greater regional stratigraphy will emerge along with new
knowledge of highland regolith depth and structure. A polar landing site
within a ray from Tycho would provide additional tests of key Solar
System processes.
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Recording
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2:50 p.m.
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Hayne P. O. * Aharonson O. Schorghofer N. Paige D. A. Powell T. M. Rubanenko L.
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Micro Cold Traps and
Volatile Source Rates at the Artemis Base Camp [#5032]
Volatiles
are critically important for understanding the evolution of the Earth-Moon
system and the space environment, as well as for in-situ resource
utilization. However, little is known about the past or present sources and
supply rates of volatiles. We propose an experiment to constrain volatile
sequestration rates and possible sources using measurements of temperature
and water content within cold traps of various sizes at the Artemis Base
Camp. In this investigation, trends of water content with decreasing spatial
scale would be analyzed, leveraging two facts: 1) smaller cold traps are younger (due to
meteoritic impact gardening), and 2) there is a minimum cold trap size. Based
on (1), we can look for a minimum size of cold trap where water ice exists,
while testing thermal models based on (2). In order to do so, astronauts
would carry thermal IR cameras to rapidly map temperatures, identifying cold
traps and collecting cryogenic samples for later analysis of
water content.
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Recording
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3:05 p.m.
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Jolliff
B. *
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The
Importance of Sample Return from the Artemis Base Camp
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Recording
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3:20 p.m.
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BREAK
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3:35 p.m.
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Panning M. P. * Weber R. C. Kedar S. Bugby D. Calcutt S. Currie D. Elliott J. Grimm R. He Y. Kawamura T. Lognonné P. Nagihara S. Neal C. Nunn C. Pike W. T. Standley I. Walsh W.
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Building
a Lunar Network Using a Flexible, Long-Lived Lunar Geophysical
Package (LGP) [#5006]
The Lunar Geophysical Package (LGP) is
a long-lived surface package deployable by astronauts or commercial landers,
combining seismic, electromagnetic, heat flow and laser ranging measurements.
The LGP would be capable of networking with other geophysical packages delivered
by astronauts and landers.
LGP will address key
questions about the lunar interior by constraining the current seismic state
and internal structure of the Moon, measuring its heat flow, installing a
next-generation laser ranging capability, and measuring the electrical
conductivity of the lunar interior. The lunar science community recognizes
that a geophysical network is required to fully address these objectives,
prioritizing a Lunar Geophysical Network (LGN) as a New Frontiers Mission.
The LGP, a long-lived node with multiple geophysical instruments, can begin
reaching science goals in advance and together with a New Frontiers-level LGN
by progressively building a network of nodes with overlapping lifetimes.
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Recording
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3:50 p.m.
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Burns J. O. *
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Roadmap to Low Radio Frequency Observations from
the Moon
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Recording
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4:10 p.m.
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Petro N. E. *
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LRO
Data: Designing a Base Camp in the
World of LRO’s View of the Moon [#5034]
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
has been orbiting the Moon for 11 years, generating over 1.2 petabytes of
data and transforming our view of the Moon. LRO’s orbit over that decade-plus
has allowed us to focus on the South Pole, providing a unique perspective of
the target for future human exploration. But what to make of all this data?
Between high-resolution images, topography, radar measurements, compositional
data, and insight into the lunar environment there is a nearly limitless
number of ways to attack the question of where to go and what to do once
we’re there. So, let’s attack the question of what to do and where to go with
the best-characterized dataset of any planet. I will walk through what we
have in the PDS, how it can be used to quickly characterize potential targets
for such a Base Camp, and how as a community we can begin targeting
future exploration.
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Recording
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4:25 p.m.
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Community Discussion Time
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5:10 p.m.
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Fagan
A. L. *
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Closing
Remarks and Initial Draft Findings
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Recording
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