Lunar Instruments
To help the lunar community find information about instruments that
flew on previous lunar missions, we assembled a table of those instruments
below. The information we have is incomplete, so we welcome additional
details from instrument PI's and others in the community. We will also
appreciate receiving any documents with missing instrument details.
Please contact [email protected]
if you have additional information. We also note that in many cases
modern instrument data is available from
NASA's Planetary Data System.
Apollo 8
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 6 days, 3 hours
Launch Date: 1968
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various: two 70-mm Hasselblad cameras, 16-mm Maurer camera |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
acquired vertical and oblique overlapping photos of farside, photographed targets of opportunity, recorded operational activities |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 10
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 8 days, 3 minutes
Launch Date: 1969
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various: modified Hasselblad 500 EL cameras |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
obtained photos of rendezvous sequence, lunar ground track and landing site 2, long-distance earth and lunar terrain, and recorded operational activities |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 11
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes
Launch Date: 1969
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
cosmic ray particles passing through emulsion |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various: one 70-mm Hasselblad electric camera, two 70-mm lunar surface superwide-angle cameras, one Hasselblad El data camera, two 16-mm Maurer data acquisition cameras, one 35-mm surface close-up stereoscopic camera, and a television camera |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
photograph "targets of opportunity," i.e., scientifically interesting sites and potential Apollo landing sites as time and circumstances permitted; obtain photographs of the lunar module and lunar surface activities after LM landing; obtain vertical and oblique stereo strips of nearside and farside regions of scientific interest; record mission operational activities; and obtain documentation for subsequent landing crew training purposes |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
EASEP |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
combination of PSEP and LRRR in two separate units carried to the same site together |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Ranging Retroreflector |
| Acronym |
LRRR |
| Observation Category |
earth/moon system |
| Measurement |
short-pulse laser ranging |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured lunar librations, recession of moon from Earth, and irregular motion of Earth |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Dust Detector |
| Acronym |
LDD |
| Observation Category |
lunar dust |
| Measurement |
power generation |
| Resolution |
energy thresholds: 173 keV - 380 keV for electrons; 60 keV - 4.25 MeV for protons; sensors range 84 to 408 K |
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
rock samples |
| Resolution |
100 m traverse from landing site |
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment Package |
| Acronym |
PSEP |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
lunar seismic activity, meteoroid impacts, free oscillations of the moon |
| Resolution |
long-period frequency response 0.004 - 3 Hz; short-period response 0.05 - 20 Hz; minimum signals were 10 microns for SP and LP seismic signals, 0.4 arc-sec for LP horizontal tide output signal, 320 microgals for LP vertical tide output signal |
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Composition |
| Acronym |
SWC |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics |
| Measurement |
measured particles trapped on an aluminum foil sheet |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured ion types and energies of solar wind on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 12
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 10 days, 4 hours, 36 minutes
Launch Date: 1969
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
ALSEP (PSE, SIDE, SWS, LSM, LDD, CCG) |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
various experiments including a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE), Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE), Solar Wind Spectrometer (SWS), Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM), Lunar Dust Detector (LDD) and Cold Cathode Gauge (CCG) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various; one 70-mm Hasselblad electric camera, two Hasselblad data cameras, two 16-mm Maurer data acquisition cameras, one 35-mm lunar surface stereoscopic closeup camera, a four-camera, multispectral, S-158 experiment |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cold Cathode Gauge (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
CCG |
| Observation Category |
atmosphere |
| Measurement |
tenuous lunar atmosphere |
| Resolution |
currents between 1.0E-13 to 1.0E-16 amps |
| Instrument Function |
measured density of neutral particles to determine the amount of gas at the lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Dust Detector (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
LDD |
| Observation Category |
lunar dust |
| Measurement |
power generation |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured power generation from solar cells varying due to dust coverage |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Magnetometer (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
LSM |
| Observation Category |
lunar magnetometry |
| Measurement |
magnetic field |
| Resolution |
minus to plus 100, 200 or 400 gammas |
| Instrument Function |
measured magnetic field on lunar surface and determine deep interior properties of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
PSE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Composition |
| Acronym |
SWC |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured ion types and energies of solar wind on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
SWS |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics, earth sciences magnetosphere |
| Measurement |
plasma measurements made every 28.1 seconds |
| Resolution |
flux rates of 2.5E6 to 2.5E11 particles cm^-2 sec^-1 |
| Instrument Function |
measured protons and electrons at the lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
SIDE |
| Observation Category |
lunar atmosphere, solar wind, radiation, lunar volcanology, earth sciences magnetosphere |
| Measurement |
positive ion detection |
| Resolution |
mass analyzer determined ion flux in 20 mass channels from 10 - 1000 amu per charge for six energies; total ion detector detected higher energy ions in 20 steps between 10 - 3500 eV |
| Instrument Function |
measured energy and mass spectra of positive ions, flux and energy spectrum of positive ions in earth's magnetotail, plasma interaction between solar wind and moon, and electric potential of lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Surveyor 3 Retrieval |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
materials of construction |
| Measurement |
effects of the A-12 LM blast ejecta, micrometeoroid effects on TV camera electronics, cables, metal structure, mirrors, etc., analysis of the sampler scoop, effect of low temperature oxygen plasma on the coatings, induced radioactivity, and microbe survival in the lunar environment |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
inspected and retrieved key parts of Surveyor 3 after 30-month exposure on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 13
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 5 days, 22.9 hours
Launch Date: 1970
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Atmospheric Electrical Phenomena |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
launch-phase electrical phenomena |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
study certain aspects of electrical phenomena prior to and during launch |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-camera use was limited to two 70-mm Hasselblad EL cameras and two 16-millimeter Maurer data-acquisition cameras (DAC) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
photographed targets of opportunity, obtained vertical and oblique stereo strips of scientific interest, recorded mission operational activities, obtained photos of lunar surface features |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Earth Photography applied to Geosynchronous Satellites |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
Earth-centered photographs |
| Resolution |
Eleven photos taken |
| Instrument Function |
test the feasibility of cloud height at synchronous altitudes |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Pilot Describing Function |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
obtained data during manually controlled spacecraft maneuvers on various phases of the mission |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Seismic Detection of Third-Stage Lunar Impact |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
recorded seismic signals from Apollo 13 S-IVB impact |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
gather data on large mass impact phenomena |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Window Meteoroids Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
small bodies |
| Measurement |
meteoroids with masses of 1 nanogram or less |
| Resolution |
0.4 square m of the window surfaces were used as meteoroid impact detectors |
| Instrument Function |
obtained information about flux of small meteoroids |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 14
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 9 days
Launch Date: 1971
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Active Seismic Experiment (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
ASE |
| Observation Category |
seismology |
| Measurement |
21 thumper shots were fired (8 misfires) and indicated that 2 P-wave velocities were measured at Fra Mauro; estimates of thickness range from 38 to 76 m |
| Resolution |
meters sensitive to 3 to 250 HZ |
| Instrument Function |
internal profiling of moon to 460m depth |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
ALSEP (PSE, ASE, SIDE, CPLEE, LDD, CCG) |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
various experiments including a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE), Active Seismic Experiment (ASE), Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE), Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE), Lunar Dust Detector (LDD) and Cold Cathode Gauge (CCG) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various; two 70-millimeter still cameras with multiple lenses, one 16-millimeter camera with four lenses, and the Lunar Topographic camera were carried on command module; landing module carried two 70-millimeter cameras with 60-millimeter lenses |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment |
| Acronym |
CPLEE |
| Observation Category |
solar wind/charged particles radiation |
| Measurement |
energy spectra |
| Resolution |
50 to 50,000 eV |
| Instrument Function |
measured ambient fluxes of charged particles |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cold Cathode Gauge (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
CCG |
| Observation Category |
atmosphere |
| Measurement |
pressures between 10-6 and 10-12 |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure tenuous lunar atmosphere |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Composite Casting Demonstration |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
materials science - composites |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
11 samples were processed |
| Instrument Function |
evaluated the effect of near-zerogravity on the preparation of cast metals, fiber-strengthened materials, and single crystals |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Electrophoretic Separation |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
materials science - organics/proteins |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
demonstrated separations obtained with 3 sample mixtures of different molecular weights |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Heat Flow and Convection |
| Acronym |
HFC |
| Observation Category |
fluid dynamics, materials science |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
detected convection or convective effects by measuring heat flow rates in fluids; test cells were used to detect convection or convective effects by measuring heat flow rates in fluids |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Ranging Retroreflector |
| Acronym |
LRRR |
| Observation Category |
earth/moon system |
| Measurement |
short-pulse laser ranging |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured lunar librations, recession of moon from Earth, and irregular motion of Earth |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Liquid Transfer Demonstration |
| Acronym |
LTD |
| Observation Category |
fluid dynamics, materials science |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
demonstrated the transfer of liquid between baffled and unbaffled tanks |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Dust Detector (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
LDD |
| Observation Category |
lunar dust |
| Measurement |
power generation-photovoltaic output of solar cells and temperature measured by 3 thermistors; measurements were made over the course of each lunar day |
| Resolution |
power output of each cell 0 - 150 mV; temperature sensors had range of 84 - 408 K |
| Instrument Function |
measured power generation from solar cells varying due to dust coverage |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Portable Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
LPM |
| Observation Category |
lunar magnetometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured steady magnetic field at A-14 and A-16 sites |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
PSE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
detected ground motions as small as 0.3 nm; sensitivity was 0.008 mgal |
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts and determine the internal structure, physical state and tectonic activity of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
Tool used was Apollo Simple Penetrometer (ASP) |
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Composition |
| Acronym |
SWC |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured ion types and energies of solar wind on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (part of ALSEP) |
| Acronym |
SIDE |
| Observation Category |
lunar atmosphere, solar wind, radiation, lunar volcanology, earth sciences magnetosphere |
| Measurement |
positive ions |
| Resolution |
Mass analyzer determined ion flux in 20 mass channels from 6 - 750 amu for 6 energies; total ion detector detected higher energy ions in 20 steps over 10 - 3500 eV |
| Instrument Function |
measured energy and mass spectra of positive ions, flux and energy spectrum of positive ions in earth's magnetotail, plasma interaction between solar wind and moon, and electric potential of lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Thermal Degradation Sample |
| Acronym |
TDS |
| Observation Category |
materials of construction |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
evaluated the effect of lunar dust on optical properties of 12 thermal coatings |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 15
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes
Launch Date: 1971
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
ALSEP (PSE, SIDE, SWS, LDD, LSM, HFE, CCG) |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
various experiments including a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE), Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE), Solar Wind Spectrometer (SWS), Lunar Dust Detector (LDD), Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM), Heat Flow Experiment (HFE) and Cold Cathode Gauge (CCG) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cold Cathode Gauge |
| Acronym |
CCG |
| Observation Category |
atmosphere |
| Measurement |
pressures between 10-6 and 10-12 |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured tenuous lunar atmosphere |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Ranging Retroreflector |
| Acronym |
LRRR |
| Observation Category |
earth/moon system |
| Measurement |
short-pulse laser ranging |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured lunar librations, recession of moon from Earth, and irregular motion of Earth |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Dust Detector |
| Acronym |
LDD |
| Observation Category |
lunar dust |
| Measurement |
power generation |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured power generation from solar cells varying due to dust coverage |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Rover Vehicle |
| Acronym |
LRV |
| Observation Category |
rover |
| Measurement |
average speed ~ 10 km/hr |
| Resolution |
longest traverse ~ 20 km (A-17) |
| Instrument Function |
extended the range so a greater variety of terrain could be visited |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
LSM |
| Observation Category |
lunar magnetometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured magnetic field on lunar surface and determine deep interior properties of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment |
| Acronym |
PSE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
Tool used was Self-Recording Penetrometer (SRP) |
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Composition |
| Acronym |
SWC |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured ion types and energies of solar wind on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
SWS |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics, earth sciences magnetosphere |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured solar wind properties |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment |
| Acronym |
SIDE |
| Observation Category |
lunar atmosphere, solar wind, radiation, lunar volcanology, earth sciences magnetosphere |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured energy and mass spectra of positive ions, flux and energy spectrum of positive ions in earth's magnetotail, plasma interaction between solar wind and moon, and electric potential of lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 16
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 11 days, 1 hour, 51 minutes
Launch Date: 1972
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Active Seismic Experiment |
| Acronym |
ASE |
| Observation Category |
seismology |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
meters sensitive to 3 to 250 HZ |
| Instrument Function |
internal profiling of moon to 460m depth |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
ALSEP (PSE, ASE, LSM, HFE) |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
various experiments including a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE), Active Seismic Experiment (ASE), Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM) and Heat Flow Experiment (HFE) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Electrophoretic Separation |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
materials science - organics/proteins |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
demonstrated electrophoresis of large, dense non-biological particles to evaluate potential for separation of biological particles |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Far UV Camera/Spectrograph |
| Acronym |
UVC |
| Observation Category |
astronomy, UV: earth atmosphere, aurora |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
far UV range (below 1600 angstrom), 20 degree field of view in imaging mode; 0.5 degree x 20 degree in spectrographic mode |
| Instrument Function |
mini-observatory that acquired imagery and spectra in far UV range |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Portable Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
LPM |
| Observation Category |
lunar magnetometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured steady magnetic field at A-14 and A-16 sites |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Rover Vehicle |
| Acronym |
LRV |
| Observation Category |
rover |
| Measurement |
average speed ~ 10 km/hr |
| Resolution |
longest traverse ~ 20 km (A-17) |
| Instrument Function |
extended the range so a greater variety of terrain could be visited |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Cosmic Ray Experiment |
| Acronym |
LSCRE |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar radiation, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
observed cosmic ray and solar wind nuclei and thermal neutrons |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
LSM |
| Observation Category |
lunar magnetometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured magnetic field on lunar surface and determine deep interior properties of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment |
| Acronym |
PSE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
Tool used was Self-Recording Penetrometer (SRP) |
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Composition |
| Acronym |
SWC |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar physics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measured ion types and energies of solar wind on lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
Apollo 17
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes
Launch Date: 1972
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector |
| Acronym |
ALFMED |
| Observation Category |
life sciences, animal biology/medical -eyes, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tested the various theories of the origin of light flashes seen by astronauts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package |
| Acronym |
ALSEP (HFE, LEAM, LSG, LACE, LSP) |
| Observation Category |
several |
| Measurement |
varied |
| Resolution |
varied |
| Instrument Function |
various experiments including a Heat Flow Experiment (HFE), Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment (LEAM), Lunar Surface Gravimeter (LSG), Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment (LACE) and Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSP) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cameras-various |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Heat Flow and Convection |
| Acronym |
HFC |
| Observation Category |
fluid dynamics, materials science |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
modified version of A-14 demonstration |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment |
| Acronym |
LACE |
| Observation Category |
atmosphere |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
mass range 1 to 110 amu |
| Instrument Function |
identified the composition and variation of lunar atmosphere |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites |
| Acronym |
LEAM |
| Observation Category |
lunar geology, cratering, micrometeorites |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
detected secondary ejecta particles and primary micrometeorites |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - General |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
geological field work (description, sampling, etc.) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Geology - Tools |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
lunar geosciences |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
tools used in geological field work |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment |
| Acronym |
LNPE |
| Observation Category |
lunar dust, radiation attenuation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
time integrated fluxes of thermal neutrons were measured |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Rover Vehicle |
| Acronym |
LRV |
| Observation Category |
rover |
| Measurement |
average speed ~ 10 km/hr |
| Resolution |
longest traverse ~ 20 km (A-17) |
| Instrument Function |
extended the range so a greater variety of terrain could be visited |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment |
| Acronym |
LSPE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
eight charges were deployed between 100 m and 3.5 km from four geophones |
| Instrument Function |
determined internal characteristics of lunar crust to depth of several km |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Cosmic Ray Experiment |
| Acronym |
LSCRE |
| Observation Category |
solar wind, solar radiation, cosmic radiation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
observed cosmic ray and solar wind nuclei and thermal neutrons |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Surface Gravimeter |
| Acronym |
LSG |
| Observation Category |
space physics, lunar geology, lunar gravimetry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
1 part in 10^11 |
| Instrument Function |
acquired very accurate measurements of lunar gravity and variation over time |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miscellaneous Tools and UHT Equipment |
| Acronym |
MET, UHT, DRT, FTT, RTG, LEC |
| Observation Category |
general equipment |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
various |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Passive Seismic Experiment |
| Acronym |
PSE |
| Observation Category |
lunar seismometry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
designed to detect moonquakes and impacts |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
soil mechanics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
verified lunar soil models, determine variability in lunar soil properties, aid in interpretation of geology |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Surface Electrical Properties |
| Acronym |
SEP |
| Observation Category |
lunar geology geochemistry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
six frequencies from 1 to 32.1 MHz (basic principal was interferometry) |
| Instrument Function |
measured dielectric constant and loss tangent of lunar regolith and provided information on subsurface structure |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Traverse Gravimeter Experiment |
| Acronym |
TGE |
| Observation Category |
space physics, lunar geology, lunar gravimetry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
made relative gravity measurements in Apollo 17 landing area |
| Comments |
|
Artemis
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 08/25/2010 -
Launch Date: 2010
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Electric Field Instruments |
| Acronym |
EFI |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure electric fields in magnetosphere |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Electrostatic Analyser |
| Acronym |
ESA |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure thermal electrons and ions |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Flux Gate Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
FGM |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure background magnetic field |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Search Coil Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
SCM |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure magnetic field fluctuations |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solid State Telescope |
| Acronym |
SST |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measures superthermal ions and electrons |
| Comments |
|
Chandrayaan 1
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 10/22/2008- current
Launch Date: 2008
Responsible Agency: ISRO (India)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Chandrayaan-1 Imaging X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
CIXS |
| Observation Category |
X-ray |
| Measurement |
1-10 keV spectrum detecting X-rays |
| Resolution |
25 km (FWHM) |
| Instrument Function |
determine the major element composition of lunar surface material |
| Comments |
Based on instrument flown on Smart-1 |
| Instrument/Experiment |
High Energy X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
HEX |
| Observation Category |
X-ray |
| Measurement |
30-200 keV |
| Resolution |
33 km (FWHM) |
| Instrument Function |
study the emission of low energy natural gamma rays from lunar surface due to U and Th and their decay chain nuclides |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Hyper-Spectral Imager |
| Acronym |
HySI |
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
400-900 nm |
| Resolution |
80 m |
| Instrument Function |
mapping the mineralogy of moon's surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument |
| Acronym |
LLRI |
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
10 m |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of surface topography from polar orbit |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| Acronym |
Mini-SAR |
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
100 m |
| Instrument Function |
polar water detection |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Moon Mineralogy Mapper |
| Acronym |
M3 |
| Observation Category |
optical sensor (near-infrared imaging spectrometer) |
| Measurement |
430 - 3000 nm, 260 high-res spectral channels, 86 low-res spectral channels, 10 nm high-res, 20-40 nm low-res |
| Resolution |
70 m/pixel high-res, 140 m/pixel low-res, 40 km field of view, 640 spatial elements in FOV high-res, 320 spatial elements in FOV low-res, 25% coverage high-res, 100% coverage low-res |
| Instrument Function |
identify and map mineral composition across the surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Near-Infrared Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
SIR-2 |
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
.093-2.4 micrometers, spectral resolution 6 nm, angular resolution of 1.11 milliradians |
| Resolution |
100m |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of surface mineralogy |
| Comments |
Similar to instrument on Smart-1 |
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radon Dose Monitor |
| Acronym |
RADOM |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
monitor the radiation environment in near-moon atmosphere |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Sub-Atomic Reflection Analyzer |
| Acronym |
SARA |
| Observation Category |
low energy neutral atom (LENA) and solar wind monitor |
| Measurement |
detect low energy 10 eV to 3keV, |
| Resolution |
mass resolution will allow distinction of H, O., Na-Mg, K-Ca and Fe, Spatial resolution of 100 meters |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of neutral atoms sputtered from surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Terrain Mapping Camera |
| Acronym |
TMC |
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
stereo triplet views in 0.4 - 0.9 micrometer band |
| Resolution |
5 m resolution |
| Instrument Function |
generate high resolution maps of the lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Solar Monitor |
| Acronym |
XSM |
| Observation Category |
x-ray spectrometer |
| Measurement |
energy range 1-20 keV, 512 spectral channels |
| Resolution |
spectral resolution ~200 eV at 6 keV (BOL) |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of solar x-ray spectrum simultaneously with CIXS moon imaging |
| Comments |
|
Chang'e 1
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 10/24/2007-03/01/2009
Launch Date: 2007
Responsible Agency: China National Space Administration
| Instrument/Experiment |
CCD Camera |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
0.50-0.75 micrometers spectral range, 120 m with swath width of 60 km |
| Instrument Function |
obtains 3-D image of lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Charged Particle Telescope |
| Acronym |
CPT |
| Observation Category |
fields and particles |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
flux and spectra of energetic protons (3-80 MeV) and electrons (25-500 KeV) |
| Instrument Function |
study interaction of Earth's magnetotail and interplanetary shocks with the moon, monitor solar wind, and measure effects of incident particles on spacecraft solar cells and other sensors |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gamma Ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
300 keV - 9 MeV |
| Resolution |
9% at 662 keV |
| Instrument Function |
measures gamma rays from surface elements irradiated by cosmic rays and those emanating from radioactive elements such as K, Th, and U |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
High Energy Solar Particle Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
fields and particles |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
protons with energies 4 - 400 MeV, electrons with energies greater than 0.095 MeV, and heavy ions such as He, Li, C |
| Instrument Function |
analyze protons, electrons, and heavy ions during cruise to the moon and while in lunar orbit |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Interferometer Spectrometer Imager |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
0.48 - 0.96 micrometers with resolution of 200 m and a swath width of 25.6 km |
| Instrument Function |
obtains multispectral images of lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Altimeter |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
~200 m footprint, 1064 nm laser wavelength |
| Resolution |
~5 m ranging resolution |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of altitude of spacecraft over the nadir point on the surface to produce topographic models |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Microwave radiometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
30 m, 20 m, 10 m, and 1 m thickness, frequencies of 3, 7.8, 19.35 and 37 GHz |
| Resolution |
temperature resolution 0.5 K |
| Instrument Function |
survey the thickness of lunar soil |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solar Wind Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
fields and particles |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
0.5 - 20 keV |
| Instrument Function |
analyze the flux of solar wind ions with energies up to 20 keV |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
geology and geophysics |
| Measurement |
0.5 - 60 keV |
| Resolution |
600 eV at 5.95 keV |
| Instrument Function |
measures flux and energy of x-rays emitted from lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
Chang'e 2
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 10/01/2010
Launch Date: 2010
Responsible Agency: China National Space Administration
Chang'e 3
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: TBD
Launch Date: 2013
Responsible Agency: China National Space Administration
Clementine
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 01/25/1994-6/0/1994
Launch Date: 1994
Responsible Agency: DOD / NASA (USA)
Comments:
May 7, 1994 thruster malfunction
| Instrument/Experiment |
Bistatic Radar Experiment |
| Acronym |
Bistatic Radar |
| Observation Category |
radar |
| Measurement |
2.273GHz (13.19 cm wavelength) |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
transmitted unmodulated S-band right-circularly polarized signal through 1.1 meter high-gain antenna |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
High Resolution Camera |
| Acronym |
HIRES |
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
400-800nm, 415nm, 560nm, 650nm, 750nm |
| Resolution |
7-20m |
| Instrument Function |
intensified Thompson CCD camera with six position filter wheel |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Image Detection and Ranging System |
| Acronym |
LIDAR |
| Observation Category |
altimetry |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
40m vertical, 100m horizontal |
| Instrument Function |
measure the distance from the spacecraft to a point on the surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Long Wave Infrared Camera |
| Acronym |
LWIR |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
image darkside features on the moon and near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos (that phase cancelled due to equipment malfunction) |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Near Infrared Camera |
| Acronym |
NIR |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
study surfaces of the moon and asteroid Geographos at six wavelengths in the near-infrared spectrum |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
S-Band Transponder Doppler Gravity Experiment |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
gravity |
| Measurement |
57000 observations made at less than 1000 km altitude |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
used measurements of perturbations in motion of the spacecraft to infer lunar gravity field |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Star Tracker Camera |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
visual documentation |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 28 by 43 degrees, entrance pupils 14 mm in diameter, bandpass filters of 0.4 - 1.1 micrometers, focal lengths of 17.5 mm |
| Instrument Function |
image the background stars to provide attitude determination for the spacecraft |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Ultraviolet/Visible Camera |
| Acronym |
UV/Vis |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
study surfaces of the moon and asteroid Geographos at five wavelengths in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum |
| Comments |
|
Galileo
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 12/8/1990 and 12/8/ 1992
Launch Date: 1989
Responsible Agency: NASA/DLR (USA/Germany)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Solid State Imaging |
| Acronym |
SSI |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 0.46 degrees |
| Instrument Function |
image the moon at various wavelengths |
| Comments |
|
GRAIL
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: 2011
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Gravity Ranging System |
| Acronym |
LGRS |
| Observation Category |
lunar gravity |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
measure lunar gravity |
| Comments |
twin spacecraft (Grail A and Grail B) |
Hagoromo
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 03/18/1990-02/21/1990
Launch Date: 1990
Responsible Agency: Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (Japan)
Comments:
no scientific experiments onboard
Hiten
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 01/24/1990-04/10/1993
Launch Date: 1990
Responsible Agency: Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (Japan)
Comments:
also call Muses-A
Kaguya
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 09-14-2007-current
Launch Date: 2007
Responsible Agency: JAXA (Japan)
Comments:
A.K.A. Selene
| Instrument/Experiment |
Differential VLBI Radio Source |
| Acronym |
VRAD-1, 2 |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gamma-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
GRS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
High Definition Television |
| Acronym |
HDTV |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
earth rise, surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Altimeter |
| Acronym |
LALT |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
LM |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
0.5 nT |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Radar Sounder |
| Acronym |
LRS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
radar depth 5 km |
| Resolution |
100 m |
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Multiband Imager |
| Acronym |
MI |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Okina |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
relay subsatellite to crash into farside |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Plasma energy Angle and Composition Experiment |
| Acronym |
PACE |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radio Science |
| Acronym |
RS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Relay Satellite and Main Orbiter Transponder |
| Acronym |
RSAT-1, 2 |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Spectral Profiler |
| Acronym |
SP |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Terrain Camera |
| Acronym |
TC |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Imager |
| Acronym |
UPI |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
XRS |
| Observation Category |
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| Measurement |
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| Resolution |
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| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
LADEE
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: TBD
Responsible Agency:
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Dust Experiment |
| Acronym |
LDEX |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
determine the distribution and transportation of lunar dust |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Laser Com Demo |
| Acronym |
LLCD |
| Observation Category |
technology demo |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
technology demo |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Neutral Mass Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
NMS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
150 Dalton range |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of exospheric species |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
UV Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
UVS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
dust and exosphere measurements |
| Comments |
|
LCROSS
Mission Type: impactor
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: TBD
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Data Handling Unit |
| Acronym |
DHU |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
accommodates all sensor interfaces, all digital video system functionality and all interfaces with the S-S/C avionics |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite |
| Acronym |
LCROSS |
| Observation Category |
water detection |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
impact will be at 2.5 km/sec and at an angle ~75 degrees |
| Instrument Function |
measure the concentration of water ice (ice to dust ratio) in permanently shadowed lunar regolith |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Mid IR Camera, A |
| Acronym |
MIRCamA |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 10, spatial resolution 0.6, 0.04, sample frequency 0.1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
obtain pre- and post-impact thermal images to characterize the surface material, obtain thermal evolution of the plume, and observe ejecta blanket and freshly exposed regolith |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Mid IR Camera, B |
| Acronym |
MIRCamB |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 10, spatial resolution 0.6, 0.04, sample frequency 0.1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
obtain pre- and post-impact thermal images to characterize the surface material, obtain thermal evolution of the plume, and observe ejecta blanket and freshly exposed regolith |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
NIR Camera, A |
| Acronym |
NIRCamA |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 6, spatial resolution 0.4, 0.02, sample frequency 0.1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
NIR Camera, B |
| Acronym |
NIRCamB |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 6, spatial resolution 0.4, 0.02, sample frequency 0.1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
NIR Spectrometer, A |
| Acronym |
NIRSpecA |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
NIR spectra |
| Resolution |
FOV 6, sample frequency 1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
monitor spectral bands associated with water vapor, ice, and hydrated minerals in the near-infrared spectrum from 1.35 - 2.25 microns |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
NIR Spectrometer, B |
| Acronym |
NIRSpecB |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
NIR spectra |
| Resolution |
FOV 6, sample frequency 1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
monitor spectral bands associated with water vapor, ice, and hydrated minerals in the near-infrared spectrum from 1.35 - 2.25 microns |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Total Luminescent Photometer |
| Acronym |
TLP |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 6, sample frequency 1000 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
used to observe a possible impact flash |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Visible Context Camera |
| Acronym |
VisCam |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible spectra |
| Resolution |
FOV 6, spatial resolution 0.2, 0.01, sample frequency 0.5 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Visible Photometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Visible Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
VisSpec |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
FOV 6, sample frequency 1 Hz |
| Instrument Function |
record the sunlit plume evolution and track the evolution of OH radicals from sunlight-dissociated water vapor molecules; measure the OH-1 (308 nm) and H2O+ (619 nm) transitions to assess water vapor production |
| Comments |
|
LRO
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: TBD
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cosmic Ray Telescope for Effects of Radiation |
| Acronym |
CRaTER |
| Observation Category |
radiation |
| Measurement |
LET spectra of galactic and solar cosmic rays, particularly above 10 MeV; 0.2 keV/micron to 7 MeV/micron |
| Resolution |
<3% with a spatial resolution of 77 km |
| Instrument Function |
measure lunar and deep space radiation environment |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment |
| Acronym |
DLRE |
| Observation Category |
radiometer |
| Measurement |
30 to 400 K |
| Resolution |
5 K with a spatial resolution of 400 - 500 m |
| Instrument Function |
map surface temperature, albedo, rock abundance, and ice stability |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector |
| Acronym |
LEND |
| Observation Category |
neutron detector |
| Measurement |
neutron emissions from thermal energies up to 15 MeV |
| Resolution |
10 km spatial resolution and sensitive to 1000 ppm variations in the concentration of hydrogen in the upper 1m of the regolith |
| Instrument Function |
map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface in search for water ice and provide a measure of space radiation that may affect human exploration |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter |
| Acronym |
LOLA |
| Observation Category |
laser system |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
35 m polar topography at <10 cm vertical, global topography, surface slopes, and roughness |
| Instrument Function |
determine the global topography of the lunar surface, measure landing site slopes, and surface roughness |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera |
| Acronym |
LROC |
| Observation Category |
UV and visible light imaging |
| Measurement |
NAC is a high-res camera that is broadband with center at 550 nm and characteristic resolution of +/- 150 nm; WAC is a multispectral camera for 315-680 nm with spectral filters centered at 315 nm, 360 nm, 415 nm, 560 nm, 6000 nm, 640 nm, and 680 nm |
| Resolution |
NAC has a spatial resolution of 50 cm/pixel; WAC has a spatial resolution of 100 m/pixel in visible wavelengths and 400 m/pixel in ultraviolet wavelengths |
| Instrument Function |
wide-angle images will characterize polar illumination conditions and identify potential resources; narrow-angle images will support landing site selection. Image entire moon at 100 m resolution, plus thousands of 50 cm/pixel images of specific locations |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lyman Alpha Mapping Project |
| Acronym |
LAMP |
| Observation Category |
UV imaging spectrograph |
| Measurement |
far ultraviolet (52 to 187 nm) |
| Resolution |
3.5 nm with a characteristic spatial resolution of 260 km, but down to 100 m resolution in polar regions |
| Instrument Function |
map frosts and landforms in permanently shadowed regions |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Mini-RF Technology Demonstration |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
synthetic aperture radar (X and S-band radar imaging and interferometry |
| Measurement |
X-band (4 cm) and S-band (12 cm) |
| Resolution |
-30 dB with a spatial resolution of 75 m/pixel for S-band; -25 dB with a spatial resolution of 7.5 m/pixel in X-band |
| Instrument Function |
demonstrate new SAR technology and search for water ice |
| Comments |
|
Luna 1
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 1/2/1959
Launch Date: 1959
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Scintillation + Geiger Counters |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 2
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 09/12/1959-09/12/1959
Launch Date: 1959
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 3
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 10/4/1959 - 10/22/1959
Launch Date: 1959
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Yenisey-2 Phototelevision System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 4
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 4/2/1963 - 4/7/1963
Launch Date: 1963
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
missed Moon by 8400km
| Instrument/Experiment |
Imaging System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 5
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 5/9/1965
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
mission failure -impacted Moon ~31S 8W or possibly 8N 23W
| Instrument/Experiment |
Imaging System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 6
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 6/8/1965
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
mission failure - missed Moon
| Instrument/Experiment |
Imaging System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 7
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 10/4/1965 - 10/07/1965
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
mission failure - 9N 49W
Luna 8
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 12//03/1965 - 12/06/1965
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
mission failure - 9.1N 63.3W
Luna 9
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 1/31/1966 -02/06/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Close-up Lunar Surface |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Detector |
| Acronym |
SBM-10 |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 10
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 03/31/1966-05/30/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Charged Particle Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gamma-Ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gas Discharge Counters |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gas Discharge Detectors |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Infrared Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Micrometeoroid Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radio Science |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Detector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 11
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 08/24/1966-10/01/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
Consider failed mission
Luna 12
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 10/22/1966 - 01/19/1967
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Television System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 13
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 12/21/1966 - ~12/30/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Close-up Lunar Surface |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Dynamograph |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Mechanical Soil-measuring penetrometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Densitometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 14
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 4/7/1968
Launch Date: 1968
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Luna 15
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 07/13/1969-07/21/1969
Launch Date: 1969
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
Completed 86 communication sessions / 52 orbits- Impact 07/21/1969
Luna 16
Mission Type: sample return
Mission Duration: 9/12/1970-9/24/1970
Launch Date: 1970
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Soil Sampler |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radiation Monitor |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Television System |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Temperature Monitor |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 17
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 11/10/1970-
Launch Date: 1970
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Energetic Particles, MSU-TASPD |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunokhod 1 |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 18
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 09/07/1971-09/11/1971
Launch Date: 1971
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Comments:
Completed 85 communications sessions, 54 orbits - impact 09/11/1971 3degrees 34minutes, 56 degrees 30 minutes E
Luna 19
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 9/28/1971
Launch Date: 1971
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Energetic Particles, MSU-TASPD |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 20
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 02/14/1972-02/25/1972
Launch Date: 1972
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Drill |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
TV Imaging |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 21
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 01/08/1973-6/0/1973
Launch Date: 1973
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Laser Retro-Reflector |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 22
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 05/29/1974-11/0/1974
Launch Date: 1974
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Luna 23
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 10/28/1974-10/31/1974
Launch Date: 1974
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Luna 24
Mission Type: sample return
Mission Duration: 08/09/1976-8/22/1976
Launch Date: 1976
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Lunar Orbiter 1
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 08/10/1966-10/29/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photographic System (dual-lens camera, a film processor, and readout system) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible light |
| Resolution |
a) 80-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 44.4 by 38 degrees (M frames); spatial resolution typically 200 to 1000 m
b) 610-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 20.4 by 5.16 degrees (H frames); spatial resolution typically 20 to 130m |
| Instrument Function |
Primary mission was to obtain high-resolution photographs of proposed Apollo landing sites. |
| Comments |
|
Lunar Orbiter 2
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 11/06/1966-10/11/1967
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photographic System (dual-lens camera, a film processor, and readout system) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible light |
| Resolution |
a) 80-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 44.4 by 38 degrees (M frames); spatial resolution typically 200 to 1000 m
b) 610-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 20.4 by 5.16 degrees (H frames); spatial resolution typically 20 to 130m |
| Instrument Function |
Primary mission was to obtain high-resolution photographs of proposed Apollo landing sites. |
| Comments |
|
Lunar Orbiter 3
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 02/05/1967-10/09/1967
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photographic System (dual-lens camera, a film processor, and readout system) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible light |
| Resolution |
a) 80-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 44.4 by 38 degrees (M frames); spatial resolution typically 200 to 1000 m
b) 610-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 20.4 by 5.16 degrees (H frames); spatial resolution typically 20 to 130m |
| Instrument Function |
Primary mission was to obtain high-resolution photographs of proposed Apollo landing sites. |
| Comments |
|
Lunar Orbiter 4
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 05/04/1967-10/31/1967
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photographic System (dual-lens camera, a film processor, and readout system) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible light |
| Resolution |
a) 80-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 44.4 by 38 degrees (M frames); spatial resolution typically 200 to 1000 m
b) 610-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 20.4 by 5.16 degrees (H frames); spatial resolution typically 20 to 130m |
| Instrument Function |
Systematically photograph the near-side of the Moon. |
| Comments |
|
Lunar Orbiter 5
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 08/01/1967-01/31/1968
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photographic System (dual-lens camera, a film processor, and readout system) |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
visible light |
| Resolution |
a) 80-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 44.4 by 38 degrees (M frames); spatial resolution typically 200 to 1000 m
b) 610-mm focal length lens with angular coverage of 20.4 by 5.16 degrees (H frames); spatial resolution typically 20 to 130m |
| Instrument Function |
Complete photographic survey of the far-side of the Moon. |
| Comments |
|
Lunar Prospector
Mission Type: orbiter/impactor
Mission Duration: 01/07/1998-07/31/1999
Launch Date: 1998
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Alpha Particle Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
APS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
spectral energy resolution of about 100 keV at 5.5 MeV |
| Instrument Function |
detect radon outgassing events on the surface of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Doppler Gravity Experiment |
| Acronym |
DGE |
| Observation Category |
lunar gravity |
| Measurement |
Doppler shift in S-band tracking signal as it reaches Earth |
| Resolution |
surface resolution of 200 km and precision of 5 mgal in the form of spherical harmonic coefficients to degree and order 60 |
| Instrument Function |
provide information about the surface and mass distribution of the moon which gives information on the crust, lithosphere and internal structure of the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Electron Reflectometer |
| Acronym |
ER |
| Observation Category |
magnetic fields |
| Measurement |
energy spectrum and direction of electrons |
| Resolution |
particle energies from 0-20 keV; field strengths as small as 0.01 nT with a spatial accuracy of about 3 km at the lunar surface |
| Instrument Function |
collect information on the lunar remnant paleomagnetic fields |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Gamma Ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
GRS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
detect gamma-rays with energies between 0.3 and 9 MeV in channels 17.6 keV wide |
| Resolution |
global coverage from an altitude of ~ 100 km and with a surface resolution of 150 km |
| Instrument Function |
provide global maps of elemental abundances on the lunar surface |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Magnetometer |
| Acronym |
MAG |
| Observation Category |
magnetic fields |
| Measurement |
magnetic field amplitude and direction at spacecraft altitude with spatial resolution of ~100 km when ambient plasma disturbances are minimal |
| Resolution |
+/- 65536 nanoTesla (nT) with a sensitivity as low as 0.002 nT and 0.006 nT RMS noise |
| Instrument Function |
map the locations and strengths of the weak regional lunar crustal magnetic fields |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Neutron Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
NS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
detect water ice at a level of less than 0.01%, surface resolution of 150 km |
| Instrument Function |
detect small amounts of hydrogen which may exist on or near the moon's surface |
| Comments |
|
Lunokhod 1
Mission Type: rover
Mission Duration: 11/10/1970-10/04/1971
Launch Date: 1970
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Camera |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Cosmic-ray Detectors |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Laser Device |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Soil Sampler |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Telescope |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Lunokhod 2
Mission Type: rover
Mission Duration: 01/08/1973-06/0/1973
Launch Date: 1973
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
Pioneer 2
Mission Type: orbit
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: 1958
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Comments:
mission failure
Pioneer 3
Mission Type: flyby
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: 1958
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Comments:
mission failure
Pioneer 4
Mission Type: flyby
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: 1959
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Pioneer-Able 1
Mission Type: orbit
Mission Duration: 08-17-58
Launch Date: 1958
Responsible Agency: U.S. Air Force
Comments:
mission failure
Pioneer-Able 2
Mission Type: orbit
Mission Duration:
Launch Date: 1958
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Comments:
mission failure
Ranger 7
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 07/28/1964-07/31/1964
Launch Date: 1964
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Ranger 8
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 02/17/1965-02/20/1965 (64.9 hours)
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Ranger 9
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 03/21/1965-03/24/1965 (64.5 hours)
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Selene
Mission Type:
Mission Duration:
Launch Date:
Responsible Agency:
Comments:
See Kaguya.
| Instrument/Experiment |
Charged Particle Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
CPS |
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
SMART-1
Mission Type: orbiter
Mission Duration: 11/13/2004 - 09/03/2006
Launch Date: 2003
Responsible Agency: ESA
| Instrument/Experiment |
Asteroid-Moon Micro-Imager Experiment |
| Acronym |
AMIE |
| Observation Category |
multi-band imagery |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
5.3. degree FOV providing 1024 x 1024 pixel image with an average resolution of 80 m/pixel |
| Instrument Function |
study the moon's morphology, topography and surface texture |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Demonstration of a Compact Imaging X-ray Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
D-CIXS |
| Observation Category |
lunar geochemistry |
| Measurement |
absolute abundances of Fe, Mg, Si, and Al and other elements |
| Resolution |
40 swept charge detectors cover0.5 to 10 keV, each with a 10 x 10 mm sensitive area and an energy resolution of 20eV FWHM |
| Instrument Function |
globally map the lunar surface composition utilizing X-ray fluorescence of the surface materials |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Radio Science Investigations |
| Acronym |
RSIS |
| Observation Category |
radio science investigations |
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
study of the rotational state of the moon and the lunar libration |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer |
| Acronym |
SIR |
| Observation Category |
mineralogy |
| Measurement |
reflectance spectroscopy |
| Resolution |
256 spectral channels in range from 930 - 2400 nm with spectral resolution of 60 nm and maximum spatial resolution of ~300 m |
| Instrument Function |
study lunar surface mineralogy |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Spacecraft Potential, Electron and Dust Experiment |
| Acronym |
SPEDE |
| Observation Category |
fields and particles |
| Measurement |
potential difference between sensor and spacecraft or measure electron flux |
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
map the plasma density distribution around the Earth during the cruise phase and study the lunar plasma environment for orbit, particularly how the solar wind is coupled to the moon |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
X-ray Solar Monitor |
| Acronym |
XSM |
| Observation Category |
x-ray spectrometer |
| Measurement |
energy range 1-20 keV, 512 spectral channels |
| Resolution |
spectral resolution ~250eV at 6 keV (BOL, 350 eV at 6 keV (EOL) |
| Instrument Function |
measurement of solar x-ray spectrum simultaneously with D-CIXS moon imaging |
| Comments |
|
Surveyor 1
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 5/30/1966 - 1/07/1967
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Strain Gauge |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Television |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Surveyor 2
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 09/20/1966 - 09/23/1966
Launch Date: 1966
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Comments:
Crashed near Copernicus (4.0S 11.0W)
Surveyor 3
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 04/17/1967 - duration 65 hours
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics Surface Sampler |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Television |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Surveyor 4
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 07/14/1967-07/17/1967
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Comments:
Radio contact lost
Surveyor 5
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 09/08/1967-12/17/1967
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Surveyor 6
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 11/07/1967-11/24/1967
Launch Date: 1967
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
Surveyor 7
Mission Type: lander
Mission Duration: 01/07/1968, duration 36 hours- 21 minutes
Launch Date: 1968
Responsible Agency: NASA (USA)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Alpha-Scattering Surface Analyzer |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Hardness and Bearing Strength of Lunar Surface |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Soil Mechanics Surface Sampler |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Television Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 3
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 07/18/1965-
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Energetic Particles, MSU-TASPD |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
protons above 30 MeV |
| Instrument Function |
measured energetic (MeV) particles in the interplanetary medium |
| Comments |
|
| Instrument/Experiment |
Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 4
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 07/18/1965-
Launch Date: 1965
Responsible Agency: USSR
| Instrument/Experiment |
Proton Detectors |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 5
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 09/14/1968 - 09/21/1968
Launch Date: 1968
Responsible Agency: unknown (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Proton Detectors |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 6
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 11/10/1968 - 11/17/1968
Launch Date: 1968
Responsible Agency: Soviet Academy of Sciences
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 7
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 08/07/1969 - 8/14/1969
Launch Date: 1969
Responsible Agency: Soviet Academy of Sciences (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
Zond 8
Mission Type: fly by
Mission Duration: 10/20/1970 - 10-27-1970
Launch Date: 1970
Responsible Agency: Soviet Academy of Sciences (USSR)
| Instrument/Experiment |
Lunar Photography |
| Acronym |
|
| Observation Category |
|
| Measurement |
|
| Resolution |
|
| Instrument Function |
|
| Comments |
|
